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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 layers of the skin. What is not included in skin layers?
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Epidermis and dermis. Hypodermis.
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4 appendages of the skin
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hair, nails, sweat glands, hair follicles.
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Can you think of the less common responsibilities of the integument?
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excretion of salts, making Vitamin D (from sunlight), sexual hormones
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2 most common nerve endings found in the epidermis?
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Nociceptors (pain) and Merkel cells.
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When does the skin regenerate?
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Nighttime baby.
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What are fingerprints?
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Primary projections of the dermis called dermal papillae.
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How many layers of epidermis are there? Is this an absolute number?
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5. No. Thin skin has only 4.
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I stick a pin in the palm of your hand. Name the layers of the epidermis I pass through in order.
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Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
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What's a story way to consider the flow of cellular stuff in the skin?
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I pick up a coconut in the basment (basale). I stretch my hand up the stairs (spinosum). I drop the coconut on the kitchen floor (granulosum). You see me do it (lucidum). You take a knife to the hard shell of the coconut (corneum).
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I'm looking at an EM of stratum basale. What do I see?
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Keratin bundled in tonofilaments by filaggrin. Hemidesmosomes. Desmosomes. Mitosis.
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I'm looking at an LM of stratum basale. What do I see?
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Melanocytes surrounded by clear space. Merkel's cells. Stem cells becoming keratinocytes.
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I'm looking at an LM of stratum spinosum. What do I see?
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Prickly cells connected via desmosomes. Langerhans cells surrounded by air.
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Involucrin
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A protein on the cytoplasmic keratinocyte membrane that makes keratinocytes insoluble. (THEY CANNOT INVOLUTE, OR TAKE IN WATER)
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Where are keratohyalin granules?
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Stratum granulosum.
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Where is the waterproof barrier?
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It's another name for the stratum corneum. I think about the Na pumps in the cornea of the eye, and how they have to keep that whole scene dehydrated. Cornea=no water.
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Flow chart of keratinization
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Keratinocytes are BORN in stratum basale-> DIE in stratum granulosum -> PUSHED past the stratum corneum
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KNOW about melanocyte origin
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Stratum basale, neural crest
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Do melanocytes have desmosomes? (like the other boys in the stratum basale?)
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Nope. Hence the clear area on LM
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What is cytocrine secretion?
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A misnomer for the transfer of melanin to keratinocytes.
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Where is melanin in keratinocytes? Why?
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Between the nucleus and the outside of the body. Shielding DNA from UV.
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Are there more melanocytes in people with darker skin?
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No, just more melanin.
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What is the purpose of Langerhann's cells?
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They are APC cells
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What is the purpose of Merkel's cells?
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Tactile sensation. They are mechanoreceptors.
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How many layers in the stratum spinosum?
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8-10
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How many layers in the stratum lucidum?
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3-5
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How many layers in the stratum corneum?
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25-30
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What does thin skin contain that thick skin does not?
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Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands
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Where is the vasculature of the skin?
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The dermis ONLY in the form of capillary loops
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Where are the Meissner's corpuscles?
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Dermis
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Three cellular components of eccrine sweat secretory units?
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Clear cells, dark cells, Myoepithelial.
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The epi of the eccrine DUCT
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stratified cuboidal
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How does the eccrine duct get to the skin?
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Via the interpapillary peg of the epidermis through the sweat pore.
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Hormone of eccrine sweat resorption
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Aldosterone
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Temperature regulation
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Cholinergic sweating
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Emotional sweat regulation
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Adrenergic
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Where is "emotional" sweating?
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Hands, feet, axilla
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Are apocrine sweat glands apocrine in communication? In other words, do you sweat lipid?
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No, they're merocrine like everybody else.
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How do you tell the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat secretory units under the LM?
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The apocrine lumen is MUCH larger.
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Where do the apocrine sweat glands release their product?
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INTO THE HAIR FOLLICLE.
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Neurotransmitter to apocrine glands?
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Adrenergic
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Does thermoregulation respond to acetylcholine?
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Never. Only norepi
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What do sebaceous glands and apocrine glands have in common?
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Both stimulated at puberty by the rise in androgens
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What is acne?
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Bacterial infection of the sebaceous glands.
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The embryological origin of hair
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Ectoderm
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3 types of hair.
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Lanugo=fetal. Vellus=persistent invisible hair covering. Terminal=axilla, head, pubis.
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What part of hair does Dr. Ream care about?
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The cuticle
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What indents the hair bulb? Why?
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A dermal papilla. Vasculature.
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What are the two fate pathways for stem cells in the follicular bulb?
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They can make epidermis
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