Catos Exam Iii Halm Renal Physiology

Front 1

What are two driving forces in fluid flow?

Back 1

*Hydrostatic Pressure
Osmotic Pressure

Front 2

What is a major cause of a change in pressure (ΔP)?

Back 2

Plasma Proteins

Front 3

If Afferent resistance increases, what will happen to Glomerulus Filtration Rate and Renal Plasma Flow?

Back 3

Decrease RPF (renal plasma flow)
Decrease GFR (glomeruli filtration rate)

Front 4

If Efferent resistance increases, what will happen to Glomerulus Filtration Rate and Renal Plasma Flow?

Back 4

Decrease RPF
Increase, then decrease in GFR

Front 5

Filtration Fraction (FF) equals

Back 5

GFR/RPF

Front 6

What is the thick ascending limb remarkable for?

Back 6

Macula Densa involved in testing and signaling

Front 7

What are two types of autoregulation of blood flow?

Back 7

Myogenic Response Tubuloglomerular Response

Front 8

What is the Myogenic Response?

Back 8

Autoregulation
Stretch - constriction

Front 9

What is the Tubuloglomerular Response?

Back 9

Autoregulation
Feedback from macula densa

Front 10

Hydrostatic pressure remains constant. Osmotic pressure increases, why?

Back 10

Osmotic pressure increases because the concentration of plasma proteins goes up due to H2O loss

Front 11

How does interstitial fluid remain in a steady state?

Back 11

There is a balance w/in the capillary bed of filtration & absorption.

Front 12

What are characteristic of the proximal and distal tubules?

Back 12

Proximal: 2/3 of filtrate absorbed
Distal: Fine adjustment of lumenal composition, designed for speed

Front 13

Which has tighter tight junctions, the proximal or distal tubule?

Back 13

Distal Tubule

Front 14

A lot of mitochondria.
Sets driving force.
Active transport.

Back 14

THICK

Front 15

Not a lot of active transport.
Manage flow but does not set driving force.

Back 15

THIN

Front 16

Transcellular movement can change into electrical driving force. What 3 layers must the ions cross?

Back 16

Apical mem
Basolateral mem
Epithelium

Front 17

Proximal Tubule
Develops a lumen negative or lumen postive electrical potential difference.

Back 17

Negative
Cl absorption is paracellular to follow the Na which is transcellular

Front 18

Proximal Tubule
What is the most important reabsorption that takes place here? How?

Back 18

Glucose is absorbed with Na (2 Na in the late prox tubule) apically. This is continuous bc of the Na/K atp dependent pump on the basal side

Front 19

Proximal Tubule
True or false: There are different glucose transporters on the apical and basal sides?

Back 19

True

Front 20

Proximal Tubule
A large or small driving force is required for glucose transport?

Back 20

Huge

Front 21

Proximal Tubule
What is transepithelial H2O absorption driven by?
How does it travel?

Back 21

Solute absorption
Via aquaporins

Front 22

Loop of Henle, Thick Ascending
Does it typically have apical aquaporins ie H2O permeability?

Back 22

No

Front 23

Proximal Tubule
What other solutes are absorbed with sodium?

Back 23

Amino Acids, HCO3, phosphate and Glucose

Front 24

What does the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle actively reabsorb?

Back 24

Na, K and Cl

Front 25

The luminal electrical potential of the Loop of Henle, Thick Ascending
is postive or negative?
This occurs via absorption and disposal of what?

Back 25

Positive
Apical Absorbs: Na,2Cl,K
Apical Disposes of K

Front 26

Loop of Henle, Thick Ascending
Basal side (peritubular space)
What is going on?

Back 26

Basal cotransports K and Cl
Disposes of Cl via channel
Absorbs K via Na/K and disposes of Na (oubain sensitive)

Front 27

What is located in the early part of the distal tubule?

Back 27

Macula Densa

Front 28

Are there apical aquaporins in the early part of the distal tubule?

Back 28

No

Front 29

Explain the active NaCl absorption in the early segment of the distal tubule:

Back 29

Na Cl cotransporter in the apical membrane

Front 30

Explain the basal activity in the early segment of the distal tubule

Back 30

K and Cl channels out
Na/K atp dependent

Front 31

The two cells in the late segment of the collecting duct are:

Back 31

Prinipal Cell,
Intercalated Cells

Front 32

Intercalated Cells

Back 32

active acid secretion via proton -ATPas in apical membrane
Carbonic anhydrase*

Front 33

What does carbonic anhdrase do?

Back 33

Interconverts CO2 and HCO3

Front 34

Principal Cells
Active Na channels are located:
Na channels are under the control of:
Potassium channels are located:

Back 34

Apically (into cell)
Aldosterone
Apically and basaly

Front 35

Principal Cells
H2O absorption stimulated by:
What can change with water level?

Back 35

Vasopressin
# of aquaporins

Front 36

Glomerular Filtration

Back 36

Sml molc pass better than larger ones, GBM contains fixed neg charges, sml anions are present at slightly higher concentrations than in plasma, normal filtration rate is 0.4ml/g kidney wt.

Front 37

Principal Cells
Active Na channels are located:
Na channels are under the control of:
Potassium channels are located:

Back 37

Apically (into cell)
Aldosterone
Apically and basaly