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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the neuropil?
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The elements of the gray matter where synapses occur.
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The termination of the spinal cord.
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The conus medullaris
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Four major parts of the brain
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BRainstem: medulla oblongata/pons/midbrain
Diencephalon: thalamus (and all prefixes Cerebellum Cerebrum |
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What is between the vertebral periosteum and the spinal dura?
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The epidural space
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Two parts of the dura mater
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Cranial and spinal
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Four inner fibrous layers of the cerebrum
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falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli, diaphragma sellae
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Difference between cranial and spinal dura
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The spinal dura has only an inner layer
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The embryological origin of the pia.
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Neural crest.
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The predominant neuron type found in the CNS (structural)
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Multipolar.
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What are the most common excitatory neurotransmitters? The most common inhibitory?
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Glutamate/acetylcholine. GABA/glycine.
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Define and describe Golgi type I neuron
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LARGE cell body, LONG axon interneuron. Clearly designed for long-distance signals.
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Define and describe Golgi type II neuron
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SMALL cell body, SHORT axon interneuron. Designed for local signals.
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Ratio of neuroglial cells to neurons
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10:1
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Three functions of neuroglial in the CNS
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1. Support
2. Monitor material passage. 3. Defense |
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How many neuroglia are there?
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4 major types in 3 major groups
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The 3 major groups of neuroglial cells and their subtypes
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Macroglia: Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes
Microglia Ependyma: Ependymocytes, Choroidal cells |
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Which of the two macroglia contain large amounts of intermediate filaments? Which contain a large amount of organelles?
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Astrocytes=tons of IF. Oligodendrocytes=tons of organelles.
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2 types of neural cells that contain GFAP
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Schwann cells and WHITE MATTER astrocytes
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Another name for gray matter astrocytes and their major characteristic
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Protoplasmic astrocytes, possess end-feet that essentially brace the nervous tissue between blood vessels and ventricles/central canal.
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What are present at the Nodes of Ranvier and synaptic bare areas of a neuron?
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Astrocytes
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What is gliosis?
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The formation of scar tissue via astrocytes
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Clinical term for brain tumor
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Glioma.
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The CNS analog to Schwann cells. Why?
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Oligodendrocytes ("several"-"neural cells") Myelinate several axons at once via extended processes.
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Are CNS glial cells mitotic.
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Absolutely and always.
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The CNS analog to macrophages. Review: the name of the hierarchy to which all these cells belong.
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Microglia. Mononuclear Phagocyte System.
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The two boundaries of the ependyma
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The internal glial limiting membrane and the CSF
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How does CSF move?
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Cilia attached to ependymal cells
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What is the main purpose of the choroid cells?
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Manufacture of CSF within the choroid plexuses.
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How many ventricles are there? Do they form a closed system?
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4. No, they open into the subarachnoid space at specialized foramina.
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Total volume of CSF
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80-150ml
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Is CSF a plasma filtrate? Name an analogous fluid.
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No, but it is formed from plasma through the choroid cells. Aqueous humor is developed along a similar model.
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Are there tight junctions in the pia? Between astrocytes?
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No, no.
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Can tyrosine metabolic products cross the BBB?
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No.
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What areas of the brain do not have a BBB?
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Pituitary gland, pineal gland, that area behind the eyes.
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Define the CNS major dense line. Name the protein.
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Fusion of the P surfaces. Myelin basic protein. MBP.
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Define the CNS intraperiod line. Name the protein.
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Fusion of the E surfaces. Proteolipid protein. PLP.
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The two regions with an increased diameter of the spinal cord.
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Cervical and lumbar regions.
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The common origin of mostly every cell in the CNS/PNS
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The neuroepithelium lining the neural tube.
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