Catholicism Test 2

Front 1

Martyr

Back 1

Person who voluntarily suffers death as the penalty of witnessing to and refusing to renounce a religion

Front 2

Pax Romana

Back 2

Long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire in the first and second century

Front 3

Koine

Back 3

Common language of diplomacy and commerce in the Mediterranean World

Front 4

Hellenism

Back 4

Joy, freedom, love of life that contradicted monotheism in the old testment

Front 5

Logos

Back 5

Reason, or word that governs and permeates the world

Front 6

Canon

Back 6

Rule or standard; lists of church rules

Front 7

Marcion

Back 7

Son of the Bishop of Sinop, became very wealthy in the shipping industry; Theology- dualistic opposition between the world of spirit (deemed good) and the world or matter (deemed evil)

Front 8

Muratorian Fragment

Back 8

Earliest list of New Testamnet; named for Ludovico Muratori; fragment includes four gospels, Acts, Jude, John 1 and 2, Wisdom of Solomon, etc

Front 9

Tradition

Back 9

Simple delivery of possession with intention of passing ownership

Front 10

Haeresis

Back 10

A choosing

Front 11

Constantine

Back 11

First Christian Roman Emperor

Front 12

Chi Rho

Back 12

XP= means Christ; by Constantine; the outcome was a change in policy toward Christian Faith

Front 13

Edict of Millian

Back 13

Granted Christians freedom of worship and restored church property taken during the persecution, whether held individuals or the state

Front 14

Arius

Back 14

A priest, Created crisis for the church and for Constantine concerning the relationship of Jesus to God; popular among parishioners and his preachings

Front 15

Athanasius

Back 15

Bishop of Alexandria; "All trait is said of the Father is said of the Son, except the son is the son and not the father"; he did not become father of Catholic orthodoxy without a long and costly struggle

Front 16

Council of Nicaea

Back 16

Council of Christian bishops in Niceae in Bithyria by Roman Emperor, Constantine

Front 17

Council of Constantinople

Back 17

Eastern Orthodox Church, confirmed the Nicene Creed

Front 18

Nestorius

Back 18

Archbishop of Constantinople; accused of heresy that he objected the popular practice of calling the virgin Mary the mother of God, said mother of Christ was more fitting

Front 19

Cyril

Back 19

Pope of Alexandria at its height of influence; Central figure in first council of Ephesus and led to deposition of Nestorius as Archbishop of Constantinople

Front 20

Council of Ephesus

Back 20

Called due to the teachings of Nestorius because Cyril wanted to charge Nestorius with heresy

Front 21

Council of Chalcedon

Back 21

Considered by Roman Catholics "The Eastern Orthodox"; the Old Catholics; Oct 8-Nov 1 451

Front 22

Theotokos

Back 22

Greek title of Mary, mother of Jesus used by Eastern Orthodox Churches

Front 23

Monophysitism

Back 23

Mono=one, physis=nature; christological position that Christ has only one nature--human that evolved into divine

Front 24

Leo's Tome

Back 24

Letter sent from Pope Leo Flavian; Leo says that Christ is one of the Divine Trinity with two distinct natures that are permanently united--sharing attributes between the divine and human natures of christ

Front 25

Filioque

Back 25

Latin for "and (from) the son" added in western christianity jesus the son is of and equal with the divinity of God

Front 26

Confessions

Back 26

Acknowledgment or disclosure of a sin or sinfulness, especially to a priest to obtain absolution

Front 27

Manichaeism

Back 27

Major Iranian Gnostic Religion originating from Persia; defines a struggle between a good spiritual word of light, and an evil material world of darkness

Front 28

Neoplatonism

Back 28

Term for a school of religious and mystical philosophy based on the teachings of Plato and earlier Platonists

Front 29

Donatonism

Back 29

An error taught by Donatus that said the effectiveness of the sacraments depends on the moral character of the minister

Front 30

Traditors

Back 30

Bishops and other Christians who turned of sacred scripture under the threat of persecutions

Front 31

Pelagius

Back 31

Denied the doctrine of Original Sin; his interpretation of the doctrine of free will became known as Pelagianism

Front 32

Antony

Back 32

Supporter of Julius Caesar; Roman politician and General

Front 33

Pachomius

Back 33

Founder of Christian Cenobitic Monasticism

Front 34

Monasticism

Back 34

Religious practice that one renounces worldly pursuits in order to fully denote ones life to spiritual work

Front 35

Winifried Boniface

Back 35

Missionary who propagated Christianity in the Frankish Empire in the 8th Century

Front 36

Gregory the Great

Back 36

Pope Sept 3 590 to death; Doctor of the Church and on of the 6 Latin Fathers; Saint of Roman Latin church; Patron saint of musicians, singers, students, teachers

Front 37

Leo I

Back 37

Earliest pope to receive the title "The Great"; italien aristocrat and doctor of the church

Front 38

Gelasius I

Back 38

Third pope of African Origin; prolific writer; strict orthodoxy; more assertive push for papal authority increasing tension between east and west

Front 39

Justinian

Back 39

Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to death; known as a saint to eastern orthodoxy but by his contemporary, procopius considered as cruel, venal and incompetent ruler

Front 40

Pepin the Short

Back 40

Father of Charlemagne, mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks

Front 41

Donation of Pepin

Back 41

Provided a legal basis for the erection of the Papal States which extended Papal Temporal Rule beyond true traditional diocese and duchy of Rome

Front 42

Donation of Constantine

Back 42

A forged Roman imperial alcrel in which the emperor constantine I transfers authority over Rome and the western part of Rome to the Pope

Front 43

Charlemagne

Back 43

Extended Frankish kingdoms into a frankish empire that incorporated western and central europe; king of the franks

Front 44

Leo III

Back 44

Pope who protected Charlemagne from him enemies in Rome and strengthened his position by crowning him as Roman Emperor

Front 45

Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals

Back 45

Pseudonym given to the group responsible for the Pseudo-Isidorian (false) decretals, the most extensive and influential set of forgeries found in Medevil Canon Law

Front 46

Otto the Great

Back 46

1st Holy Roman Emp. since charlemagne; reign considered to be true beginning of holy roman empire

Front 47

Lay Investiture

Back 47

Appointment of bishops, abbots, and other church officials by feudal lords and vassals

Front 48

Cluny

Back 48

Town in the region of Bourgogne, France which grew around the former abbey founded in a forested hunting reserve

Front 49

Simony

Back 49

Crime of paying for Holy Officies or positions of a church named after Simon Magus

Front 50

Nicolaitanism

Back 50

Practice of having a clergy system

Front 51

Peter Damian

Back 51

A saint; reforming Monk; Doctor of the Church

Front 52

Gregory VII

Back 52

A great reforming pope-investiture controversy; twice excommunicated Henry IV; expansive use of paper purs

Front 53

Dictatus Papal

Back 53

Heading in a letter collection that implies that the pope composed the piece of himself

Front 54

Canossa

Back 54

Famous site where the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV did penance in 1077 standing three days bare headed in the snow in order to reverse his excommunication by pope Gregory VII