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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common cause of vision loss in people over 55?
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Age related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
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What is AMD?
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Irreversible condition that causes loss of sight in the central field of vision
Affected cells in the macula eventually break down and lose ability to function |
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What is dry AMD?
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Most common type, found in 90% of people with AMD
Tiny deposits called Drusen appear within the retina that increase in number over time leading to loss of vision |
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What is wet AMD?
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More severe type, only found in 10% of patients with AMD
Causes vision loss due to abnormal blood vessel growth |
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T or F: Dry AMD can develop into wet AMD.
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True
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What is an Amsler grid?
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A grid of vertical and horizontal lines used to monitor a person's central visual field.
*Test frequently to monitor AMD |
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How is AMD diagnosed?
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Medical eye exam
Amsler grid testing Macula photos Angiography |
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What are some of the treatment options for AMD?
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Photodynamic therapy
Laser therapy Meds (anti-VEGF) Low vision devices (Magnifiers, telescopes, large print material) |
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What are some changes you can make to protect your vision?
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Wear sunglasses
Improve diet and blood pressure Limit saturated fats Eat foods rich in lutein and zeaxanthin Stop smoking |
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What is diabetes and why is it important when dealing with the eye?
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Condition in which the body's ability to process and store sugar is impaired
16 million Americans have diabetes *Diabetics are 25 times more likely to become blind* |
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What is diabetic retinopathy?
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A complication of diabetes caused by deterioration of blood vessels in the retina
Major cause of vision loss Asymptomatic at early stages |
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What is the onset of diabetic retinopathy for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetics?
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Type 1: 5 years after diagnosis
Type 2: may be present at di |
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What are exam findings for Background Diabetic Retinopathy?
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Intraretinal hemorrhages
Macular exudates or microaneurysms Vascular changes |
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What are the exam findings for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy?
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Same as Background Diabetic Retinopathy
Neovascularization Possible vitreous hemorrhage |
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How is diabetic retinopathy treated?
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Easily detected during annual routine eye exams
Treatable with laser surgery in early stages |
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T or F: Focal laser treatment of diabetic retinopathy caused a 50% decrease in the percentage of eyes with vision loss
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True
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Panretinal Photocoagulation is a technique used to treat what?
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Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
*Used in combo with anti-VEGF |
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What is a vitrectomy?
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A microvascular surgery in which the vitreous humor is removed from the eye and replaced with a sterile solution
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What are the anti-VEGF drugs?
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Avastin
Lucentis Macugen Eyelela (VEGF trap) |
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What is a cataract?
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Progressive clouding of the eye's natural lens that interferes with light passing thru to the retina
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What are the causes of cataracts?
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Aging
Diabetes Family history Previous injury or surgery |
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What are the symptoms of cataracts?
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Waxy vision
Color shift/distortion Reading is difficult Driving is dangerous Glares, halos around lights Double vision |
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How are cataracts treated?
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No treatment to reverse or prevent
To achieve clear vision, cataract removal surgery |
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T or F: Lasers can be used to remove a primary cataract?
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False
Done via a no-stitch cataract surgery |
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Describe the steps in cataract surgery.
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1. Small incision on side of cornea
2. Phacoemulsification used to break up and remove cloudy lens 3. Artificial lens put in 4. Lens in place and eye heals |
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What is a full focus lens?
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A lens that allows people who have undergone cataract surgery to focus through a range of distance and not just at long distances
Removes need for reading glasses |
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What is Posterior Capsular Opacification?
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Clouding of the membrane left behind after the natural lens has been removed
Sometimes referred to as secondary cataract Treated with YAG laser capsulotomy |
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What is the most common type of retinitis today?
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CMV retinitis
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What are the three symptoms of retinal detachment?
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Flashes
Floaters Loss of side vision |
