Case 3 Pharm

Front 1

Arachidonic acid is formed from ____ ____ which caan only be obtained from dietary sources

Back 1

Linoleic Acid

Front 2

What causes release of AA from cellular phospholipids

Back 2

Phospholipase A2

NOTE**** this is the overall rate determining step in the gen. eicosanoids!!!

Front 3

The cyclooxygenase pathway leads to the formation of what 3 things

Back 3

Prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxanes

Front 4

Lipoxygenase pathways leads to formation of what 2 things

Back 4

Leukotrienes and lipoxins

Front 5

Consider COX-1 and 2, which one is involved in maintaining homeostasis?

Back 5

COX-1

COX-2 is involved in INFLAMMATION n shit

Front 6

The most prevalent prostaglandin is ____ because they are direct derivatives of arachidonic acid

Back 6

PG2

Front 7

What is the precursor to PGD2 PGE2 PGF2alpha and TxA2 and PGI2????

Back 7

PGH2!

Front 8

The chief eicosanoid of platelets

Back 8

Thromboxane (vasoconstrictor)

Front 9

The chief eicosanoid of the endothelium

Back 9

PGI2 (vasodilator)

Front 10

What catalyzes the first two steps in leukotriene biosynthesis

Back 10

LOX-5

Front 11

LTA4 is converted to LTB4 in (1)

and converted to LTC4 in (2)

Back 11

1. Erythrocytes, neutrophils
2. Mast cells, eosio's, baso's macrophages

Front 12

Binding of LTB4 induces what

Back 12

Proinflammatory response

Front 13

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4 LTD4) cause

Back 13

vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, increased vascular perm.

***Responsible for asthmatic allergic and hypersensitivity processes

Front 14

Lipoxins are important in resolution of

Back 14

inflammation! they regulate leukotrienes

Front 15

Zileutin and FLAP inhibitors prevent

Back 15

5-LOX - prevents synthesis of 5-HPETE - USED TO TREAT ASTHMA!

Front 16

Zafirlukast and montelukast are antagonists at the receptor for all ____ _____ and are used in the chronic management of asthma

Back 16

cysteinyl leukotrienes

Front 17

Lipoxins act as stimulators/inhibitors of the leukotriene initiated inflammatory response

Back 17

inhibitors

Front 18

Epoxyeicosatraenoic acid inhibits the expression of what therefore regulating the inflammatory response

Back 18

ICAMs intercellular adhesion molecules

Front 19

Arachidonic acids that have undergone free radical mediated peroxidation gives rise to the

Back 19

Isoprostanes

***high levels may be indicative of oxidative stress and a wide range of pathology

Front 20

To generate large numbers of eicosanoids, many different cell types swap eico. intermediates - this is known as

Back 20

Transcellular Biosynthesis

Front 21

What prostaglandin inhibits B, T lymphocyte as well as NK cell activity

Back 21

PGE2

Front 22

What leukotrienes regulate T cell prolif

Back 22

LTB4 and the cysteinyl leukotrienes

Front 23

What p-glandins are pain sensitizers

Back 23

PGE2, PGI2

Front 24

LTC4 and LTD4 are more/less potent bronchoconstrictors than histamine

Back 24

MORE

Front 25

Elevated levels of what leukotriene are found in both Crohns and ulcerative colitis?

Back 25

LTB4

Front 26

What are elevated in the joints of someone with Rheum. arthrit.

Back 26

PGE2 and COX-2

Front 27

____ inhibitors administered early on in glomerulonephritis prevents glomerular inflammation and evidence of structural damage

Back 27

LOX

Front 28

Phospholipase A2 inhibition is mostly caused by the use of

Back 28

Glucocorticoids (prednisone)

they act by inducing "lipcortins" which interfere with pA2 activity

Front 29

Name 4 NSAIDS with long elimination half lives

Back 29

Naproxen, salicylate, piroxicam, phenylbutazone

Front 30

What pathways does aspirin act on in an irreversible manner?

Back 30

COX-1 and 2

Front 31

A child develops hepatic encephalopathy and liver steatosis after being administered aspirin, what is this syndrome called?

Back 31

Reye's syndrome

Front 32

Ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen are all

Back 32

Propionic acid NSAIDS

Front 33

Indomethacin, sulindac, etodolac, diclofenac, ketorolac are all

Which is used in the treatment of renal stone pain?

Which is used to help close a PDA in newborns?

Back 33

acetic acid NSAIDs

Diclofenac

Indomethacin

Front 34

Nabumetone has preferential activity against COX1/2

Back 34

COX 2

Front 35

The difference between acetaminophen and aspirin as far as pain relief and inflammation go is that

Back 35

Acetaminophen HARDLY inhibit's COX pathways and therefor has an insignificant anti-inflammatory effect

Front 36

Celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, and meloxicam are all

Back 36

COX-2 selective inhibitors, note the COX in them
Celecoxib is the only approved one

Front 37

Celecoxib inhibits PPAR as well which can lower the risk of cancer in people with

Back 37

Familial adenomatous polyposis

Front 38

What two cytokines stimulate the COX-2 pathway?

Back 38

TNF, and IL-1

Front 39

Etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab are all ____ antagonists and are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Back 39

TNF

Front 40

Dazoxiben, pirmagrel, and ridogrel all antagonize TxA2 but which one(s) are TxA2 receptor antag.'s and which are TxA2 snthase inhibitors

Back 40

ridogrel - TxA2 rec. antag.
pirmagrel, dazoxiben - inhib txa2 synthase

Front 41

What drug inhibits 5-LOX by chelating it's nonheme iron and is used in asthma

Back 41

Zileuton

Front 42

Adenosine inhibits ___ synthesis by regulating AA release

Back 42

LTB4

Front 43

Montelukast and zafirlukast are used to treat asthma, they are both ____ ____ receptor antagonists

Back 43

Cysteinyl Leukotriene

Front 44

Myocardial infarction is a serious adverse effect of this COX-2 selective inhibitor

Back 44

Celecoxib

Front 45

All drugs with PROST in the name are prostanoid mimetics and one is used for the maintenance of PDA and erectile dysfx but has SE of heart failure - which one

Back 45

Alprostadil