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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pepsinogen is secreted by the ___ cells of the stomach
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Chief
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blank cells secrete HCl
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Parietal
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Pepsin activates itself when in an acidic/basic environment
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Acidic
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Pancreas secretes ___ for starch digestions and secretes ___ and ___ for triacylgyc. digestion
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Amylase, Colipase, Lipase
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Pancreas also secretes ____ which raises the pH to allow pancreatic proteases to be active
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Bicarbonate
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What cleaves trypsinogen to form the active form trypsin?
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Enteropeptidase (aka enterokinase)
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What activates chymotrypsin, elastase, and carboxypeptidases?
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Trypsin
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Trypsin cleaves peptide bonds in which the carboxyl group is provided by ____ or ______
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Lysine, Arginine
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_(protease)___ favors residues that contain hydrophobic amino acids
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Chymotrypsin
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Smaller peptides formed by trypsin, chymotryp., and elastase are then attacked by _____
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exopeptidases
Carboxypeptidase A relaeases hydrophobic amino acids B releases basic AA's (arginine lysine) |
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In people with ___ ____ the pancreatic secretory ducts become dried and thickened and leads to duct obstruction - digestive problems
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Cystic Fibrosis
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The primary trasnport mechanism for pumping Na and AA's into the intestinal cells is
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the low intracellular sodium concentration
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Amino acid transport across the serosal membrane (where the intest. cell meets the blood) is __-directional
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bi
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This disease is caused by a defect in the transport of neutral amino acids across intestinal and renal epithelial cells. the B^o pathway
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Hartnup disease
you would see increased concentration of AA in urine |
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Roles of what proteases involved in protein turnover
1. - Lysosomal enzymes 2. - Apoptosis 3. - Model extracellular matrix components 4. - Protein Turnover 5. - Digestion and blood clotting |
1. Cathepsins
2. Caspases 3. Matrix metalloproteinases 4. Proteasome 5. Serine Proteases |
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The most serious problem for pt's with cystinuria
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Insolubility of cystine - can form kidney stones
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People with cystinuria have defect in the transport of basic amino acids across the brush border membranes of cells in both the SI and renal tubules or the ___ pathway
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B^o, +
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Only __% of the protein that enters the digestive tract is excreted in the feces each day
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6
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In lysosomes, _____ degrade ingested proteins to individual amino acids
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Cathepsins
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Ubiquitin targets intracell. proteins for degradation by covalently binding to the ______ group of _____ residues
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E-amino, lysine
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The ____, which degrades ubiquitin targeted proteins is a cylindrical 20s protein complex
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proteasome
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Most proteins that contain PEST sequences are hydrolyzed by the ____ _____ pathway
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Ubiquitin-proteasome
pest = proline, glutamate, serine, threonine |
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Are serum cystine levels low in people with cystinuria?
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No, cystine is able to be made by the body
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The gamma-glutamyl cycle is necessary for the synthesis of ____ which protects cells from oxidative damage
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Glutathione
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The ____ is the only protease that can break the gamma-glutamyl linkage in glutathione
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Transpeptidase
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