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149 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

James Cameron's goal is to create a new visualization of what?

The sinking of the Titanic

Titanic was designed so that she would stay afloat as long as the flooding was limited to?

The first 4 cabins or any 2

The wreck site of Titanic spans over how much of the sea floor?

1 mile

How far is the bow away from the stern?

2,000 miles

What must you do to have any meaningful forensics of what happened to the titanic?

A map of the wreck site

What piece of the ship was in the worst condition?

The Stern

What kind of objects determine the hypocenter of this debris field?

The boilers

At first, Cameron started making voyages to the Titanic for what purpose?

To make scenes that are accurate in the movie

Cameron designed the mini-ROVs to film what?

The inside of the titanic

How many dives has Cameron made to the Titanic

33

After the ship split apart, how fast did the bow of Titanic plunge down to the seafloor?

25-30 mph

The "hydro-dynamic flow" of the column of water following in the wake of Titanic's decent causes what damage?

pancakes the ship

Why was the stern so broken apart?

water was passing into the open are of the ship at a high rate, peeling it like a banana

Who found the titanic and When?

Robert Ballard




1985

What detail about the ship's sinking did eyewitnesses have trouble convincing experts?

That the ship broke in half

The banana theory helps explain how a piece of double-hull bottom could end up where?

1/4 mile away from the site

What did Titanic not do, that all other famous shipwrecks did when they sank?

Capsized

What is the next iceberg that we will hit according to Cameron?

Climate Change

Who will it most affect?

the 3rd world, undeveloped countries

Lat/Long of Oneonta, NY

42-43°N




75-76°W

Latitude is always given second

False

For every 1 degree of latitude and longitude it is farther subdivided into what and what?

60 minutes




60 seconds

1 degree of latitude is equal to

69 miles

1 minute of latitude

1.15 miles

1 second of latitude

101 ft

The distance of longitude width depend on what?

the latitude that they occur at

The distance between 1 degree of longitude _________ further away from the equator because lines of longitude converge at

decreases






the poles

Latitude and longitude coordinates on USGS topographic maps are marked every?

2.5 minutes

The distance between 1 degree of latitude is always

Constant

Top distance

50 miles

Middle Distance

69 miles

Bottom Distance

51 miles

Date of US National Park status

1895

Date of first land preserved for this park

1863

The Current Park boundary

set by congress in 1993

Total land acquisition since 1863

400+ (land piece and deeds)

It is the first boundary to?

restrict park growth

Total money spent to acquire all park lands since 1863?

~$30 million

Most expensive land acquisition?

Tower (2000)




3 Acres, $7 million

Since 1993, any park land outside of the park may only be added to GNP by

An act of Congress

Total acres within park boundaries?

~6,000 acres

Largest Land Acquisition?

263 acres

Total acres owned or protected by the NPS

5,050

Smallest Land Acquisition

2 Rocks

Acres still privately owned/ unprotected within park boundaries

950 acres, on 85 parcels

Largest remaining unprotected private inholding

99 acres

Total value of remaining privately-owned lands within GNP

~$40 million

The Longest Land Acquisition?

The Rose Farm, split into 15 pieces, took 97 years to buy 14 of them

What scale of maps have surprisingly few errors?

Large Scale Base Maps

Errors are more common on what type of map?

Derivative Maps

What is a derivative map?

A map that is compiled from other maps

What did AAA accidentally omit from their road maps in the 1960s?

Seattle

How were soldiers wounded because of map problems in the Grenada invasion?

Only had several quickly thrown together maps and accidentally bombed a mental hospital instead wounding 18 soldiers.

When did the use of graphics begin to grow in newspapers?

in the late 19th century

What occasionally appears on official city maps that is fictitious?

A street that doesn’t currently exist because planned streets exist on engineer’s maps, but don’t always get built and it won’t get caught until someone actually goes in and deletes it from the map.

What are trap streets and why do map publishers print them?

They are streets that the publishers knows do not exist and they are printed to prevent copyright infringement.

Michigan state highway map and Mount Richard

The towns of Goblu and BeatOSU




Mount richard was a fake mountain in Boulder, CO and was not noticed for 2 years

Ink spread

overinking machine, causing flatness of image elements

Overinking

causes significant changes in the way a map is supposed to look, and is a very common problem

Be wary of choropleths

partial inversion can occur due to overinking, making the colors worthless according to the key

A map date might reflect its time of publication but not its

Date that the sources of the map were gathered

The Hereford map from 1290 featured place names gathered from sources dating back how far?

The 4th Century

What problems did inaccurate planning maps cause for fairfax county Virginia?

There was a development cleared to start building in the middle of a seasonal use highway

Why are world maps of poverty occupation and the proportion of the population living in poverty often imprecise?

Due to significant international differences in the definition of those terms.

Which is more susceptible to error, computer maps or paper maps?

Computer Maps

3 ways the propagandists mold's the maps message?

By emphasizing supporting features, suppressing contradictory information, and choosing provocative, dramatic symbols.

The scale of propaganda maps

can distort the reality of the map by framing and using different projection methods to prove their points.

Saxton's Atlas

was the symbol-of-the-state of England and Wales, promoted the country and a national sense of unity

Bouguereau's Atlas

Modeled after Saxton’s Atlas and was used in the reunification of France to uphold nationalism and promote the leaders if the country

What happened to national atlases between 1940 and 1980 and why?

The amount of atlases being produced increased by quite a bit in that time and it was because people turned to cartography as a form of economic development and political identity.

Cartographic war the case of Jammu and Kashmir?

There was continued denial of political reality over the control of Kashmir by either Pakistan or India.

Postage Stamps

Postage stamps seem to be a strong use of propaganda in some areas, using maps on the small stamps to show areas and claims that some countries have, that don’t actually exist.

What is the problem with Israel and Arab nations map?

It makes it seem like Israel is threatening because it is in the middle of all the other countries that look different from it

What projection has been most abused and how?

Mercator Projection, it provides a distorted world view for those looking at it, making Canada and United States more prominent and areas like the tropical rainforests look less so.

Peter's Projection

An equal area projection

What do Peter's and Snyder's projections have in common, good and bad?

They are both equal area projections,having this equal area type of projection distorts shape though

Nazi propaganda mapping

was the most intense use of the map as an intellectual weapon; to increase nationalism and loyalty to Germany in a time of need for that country

What German publication were the pro-Nazi maps featured?

Facts in Review

Where in the US was this publication printed?

New York, NY

Name 4 ways that Nazi Germany used maps to elicit sympathy or support in its efforts

Made themselves look less aggressive than the United Kingdom, justified the partition of Poland by Russia and Germany, shows Germany acting like a peacemaker in Latvia, said a town in France was mistaken for one in Italy after a bombing.

What three map symbols are ofter used for propaganda?

Arrows, circles, and toponyms

Toponyms

Place names

3D scale models of eastern border towns were created when? for what purpose? and how long were they guarded?

In 1668, so generals and armies could plan realistic maneuvers, and they were guarded as long as World War II.

When did mapping begin to change from paper to computer?

In the 1970s

Name one advantage and two disadvantages of computer maps

Easier to make corrections to, can be edited by computer hackers, and electromagnetic pulses can destroy them

Soviet NKVD

The security police that assumed control of mapmaking in the 1930s in the Soviet Union.

Why did Soviets accelerate map disinformation in the 1960s?

The U.S. had begun to deploy sophisticated spy technologies, and they were trying to throw them off.

Logashkino Example

Representations of the city differed on almost every map and after 1954, it was even omitted from several maps.

Salmi example

Salmi was on both sides of a longitude line

Up to how many miles have Soviet maps displaced towns?

25 miles

What did Soviets omit from maps so that distances would be hard to estimate?

A scale

Give two reasons that Soviet Cartographers stopped fudging their maps?

It is costly economically and in the mapmaking process of the country.

Britain's Ordinance Survey

Maintains lists of sensitive sights on maps that have to be omitted or taken off due to the classified nature of these places.

The Love Canal Area: Where is it, what was not mapped, and the consequences?

Niagara Falls, New York, didn’t show that it was used as a chemical waste dump, declared a state of emergency and over 200 families were relocated.

Identify the two forms of cartographic censorship

Silence and Security censorship

What is not shown on basic maps of most cities

Zones of Danger, or negative characteristics

At NYCs biggest planetarium, astronomer Neil Tyson did what?

took pluto out of the solar system model as a planet

How many moons are bigger than Pluto?

5

Does anyone know exactly what a planet is?

no

Every known object in our solar system is on record where?

Minor Planet Center

What was the original definition of a planet?

Anything in the sky that moved

By the 17th century how many planets had astronomers mapped?

6

in 1781 what planet was discovered?

Uranus

The later discoveries of Ceres, Palace, Juno, and Vesta were given what term in 1853?

Minor Planets

Clyde Tombaugh was hired to photograph the entire universe and report on any object that was?

Moving

How long did this task take him?

20 years

When did clyde discover pluto?

February 18, 1930

Mount Kea, Hawaii is perfect for seeing what?

to the edge of the solar system

Dave Jewitt and Jane Luu after over 5 years finally spotted an object that indicated that pluto had what?

A neighbor

What did they call Pluto's neighbor

1992 QB1

Hundred of neighbors of pluto have been found in a ring of asteroids called what?

The Kuiper Belt

In 27 years, the number of known solar system objects has risen from just over 2,000 to over how many today?

120,000

Dr. Brian Marston decided it was time to reassess the solar system map and so he made what controversial suggestion?

removing pluto from the map as a planet and demoting it to a minor planet

Brian thought pluto was just another what?

Another asteroid in the Kuiper Belt

Pluto is the only planet completely covered in what?

Ice

A group of astronomers who wish to right the wrongs of the pluto incident call themselves what?

The Pluto Underground

According to Dr. Alan Stearn, everything we know about pluto today could fit on what?

a few 3x5 notecards

As Dr. Stearn says, how much money would it cost for an exploration of pluto by NASA

$1 billion

and how much time would it take for a satellite journey to the littlest planet?

10 years

Astronomer Mike Brown wanted to find what?

A new planet

The largest amount of sky the most powerful telescopes can capture is about how much?

the size of your hand

Brown and Rabinowitz were sweeping which part of the solar system with their telescope?

The Eccliptic

The pluto underground has come up with their definition of a planet and they say a planet is something that has to be what?

Round

What is the problem with this definition?

other things could be named planets

Brown's search yeilded nothing until what happened on Jan 5, 2005?

He found an object in the sky

Where was this thing situated from the normal plane of the solar system?

45°

What was it called?

2003 UB313

The International Astronomical Union are the people who do what?

Make the rules on naming things in the universe

In august 2006, what did the IAU decide?

Pluto was no longer a planet, but a dwarf planet

What is the current definition of a planet according to the IAU?

Must be round, orbit the sun, and cleared the neighborhood of its orbit.

Do you accept the new map of our solar system?

Yes

When was the Natl Geographic Society founded?

in 1888

Who founded it?

Gardiner Greene Hubbard

The first magazine was issued when?

October of 1888

Second president of the society?

Alexander Graham Bell

First supplemental map was published

In 1889

What was the map of

The Philippines

Where, when, and who was the first mapping expedition funded for?

Peary, 1909, and to the north pole

The first map of the ocean floor was issued in what year?

1957

When was the first map of the moon issued?

1968

The first satellite map for the public was of what and in what year?

The USA and in 1976

The first recipient of the Hubbard Medal for outstanding exploration was who and in what year?

Robert Perry, in 1906; Before he went on his journey to the north pole.

How many UTM zones exist from North-to-South from Intl Date Line Eastward?

60 zones

Each zone is how many degrees longitude wide?

Each zone has

a central meridian, 2 hemispheres, and a false easting line

False Easting Line

positioned 500,000m west of the central meridian all coordinates measure east and north of the face origin.

Rules for given utm measurements

Easting first, northing second, zone last

Blue ticks are in what increments

1000 meters

Felix Baumgartner became the first person to do what?

Fall faster than