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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
James Cameron's goal is to create a new visualization of what? |
The sinking of the Titanic |
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Titanic was designed so that she would stay afloat as long as the flooding was limited to? |
The first 4 cabins or any 2 |
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The wreck site of Titanic spans over how much of the sea floor? |
1 mile |
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How far is the bow away from the stern? |
2,000 miles |
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What must you do to have any meaningful forensics of what happened to the titanic? |
A map of the wreck site |
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What piece of the ship was in the worst condition? |
The Stern |
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What kind of objects determine the hypocenter of this debris field? |
The boilers |
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At first, Cameron started making voyages to the Titanic for what purpose? |
To make scenes that are accurate in the movie |
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Cameron designed the mini-ROVs to film what? |
The inside of the titanic |
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How many dives has Cameron made to the Titanic |
33 |
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After the ship split apart, how fast did the bow of Titanic plunge down to the seafloor? |
25-30 mph |
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The "hydro-dynamic flow" of the column of water following in the wake of Titanic's decent causes what damage? |
pancakes the ship |
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Why was the stern so broken apart? |
water was passing into the open are of the ship at a high rate, peeling it like a banana |
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Who found the titanic and When? |
Robert Ballard 1985 |
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What detail about the ship's sinking did eyewitnesses have trouble convincing experts? |
That the ship broke in half |
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The banana theory helps explain how a piece of double-hull bottom could end up where? |
1/4 mile away from the site |
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What did Titanic not do, that all other famous shipwrecks did when they sank? |
Capsized |
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What is the next iceberg that we will hit according to Cameron? |
Climate Change |
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Who will it most affect? |
the 3rd world, undeveloped countries |
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Lat/Long of Oneonta, NY |
42-43°N 75-76°W |
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Latitude is always given second |
False |
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For every 1 degree of latitude and longitude it is farther subdivided into what and what? |
60 minutes 60 seconds |
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1 degree of latitude is equal to |
69 miles |
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1 minute of latitude |
1.15 miles |
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1 second of latitude |
101 ft |
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The distance of longitude width depend on what? |
the latitude that they occur at |
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The distance between 1 degree of longitude _________ further away from the equator because lines of longitude converge at |
decreases the poles |
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Latitude and longitude coordinates on USGS topographic maps are marked every? |
2.5 minutes |
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The distance between 1 degree of latitude is always |
Constant |
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Top distance |
50 miles |
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Middle Distance |
69 miles |
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Bottom Distance |
51 miles |
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Date of US National Park status |
1895 |
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Date of first land preserved for this park |
1863 |
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The Current Park boundary |
set by congress in 1993 |
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Total land acquisition since 1863 |
400+ (land piece and deeds) |
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It is the first boundary to? |
restrict park growth |
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Total money spent to acquire all park lands since 1863? |
~$30 million |
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Most expensive land acquisition? |
Tower (2000) 3 Acres, $7 million |
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Since 1993, any park land outside of the park may only be added to GNP by |
An act of Congress |
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Total acres within park boundaries? |
~6,000 acres |
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Largest Land Acquisition? |
263 acres |
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Total acres owned or protected by the NPS |
5,050 |
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Smallest Land Acquisition |
2 Rocks |
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Acres still privately owned/ unprotected within park boundaries |
950 acres, on 85 parcels |
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Largest remaining unprotected private inholding |
99 acres |
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Total value of remaining privately-owned lands within GNP |
~$40 million |
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The Longest Land Acquisition? |
The Rose Farm, split into 15 pieces, took 97 years to buy 14 of them |
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What scale of maps have surprisingly few errors? |
Large Scale Base Maps |
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Errors are more common on what type of map? |
Derivative Maps |
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What is a derivative map? |
A map that is compiled from other maps |
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What did AAA accidentally omit from their road maps in the 1960s? |
Seattle |
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How were soldiers wounded because of map problems in the Grenada invasion? |
Only had several quickly thrown together maps and accidentally bombed a mental hospital instead wounding 18 soldiers. |
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When did the use of graphics begin to grow in newspapers? |
in the late 19th century |
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What occasionally appears on official city maps that is fictitious? |
A street that doesn’t currently exist because planned streets exist on engineer’s maps, but don’t always get built and it won’t get caught until someone actually goes in and deletes it from the map. |
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What are trap streets and why do map publishers print them? |
They are streets that the publishers knows do not exist and they are printed to prevent copyright infringement. |
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Michigan state highway map and Mount Richard |
The towns of Goblu and BeatOSU Mount richard was a fake mountain in Boulder, CO and was not noticed for 2 years |
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Ink spread |
overinking machine, causing flatness of image elements |
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Overinking |
causes significant changes in the way a map is supposed to look, and is a very common problem |
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Be wary of choropleths |
partial inversion can occur due to overinking, making the colors worthless according to the key |
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A map date might reflect its time of publication but not its |
Date that the sources of the map were gathered |
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The Hereford map from 1290 featured place names gathered from sources dating back how far? |
The 4th Century |
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What problems did inaccurate planning maps cause for fairfax county Virginia? |
There was a development cleared to start building in the middle of a seasonal use highway |
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Why are world maps of poverty occupation and the proportion of the population living in poverty often imprecise? |
Due to significant international differences in the definition of those terms. |
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Which is more susceptible to error, computer maps or paper maps? |
Computer Maps |
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3 ways the propagandists mold's the maps message? |
By emphasizing supporting features, suppressing contradictory information, and choosing provocative, dramatic symbols. |
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The scale of propaganda maps |
can distort the reality of the map by framing and using different projection methods to prove their points. |
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Saxton's Atlas |
was the symbol-of-the-state of England and Wales, promoted the country and a national sense of unity |
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Bouguereau's Atlas |
Modeled after Saxton’s Atlas and was used in the reunification of France to uphold nationalism and promote the leaders if the country |
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What happened to national atlases between 1940 and 1980 and why? |
The amount of atlases being produced increased by quite a bit in that time and it was because people turned to cartography as a form of economic development and political identity. |
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Cartographic war the case of Jammu and Kashmir? |
There was continued denial of political reality over the control of Kashmir by either Pakistan or India. |
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Postage Stamps |
Postage stamps seem to be a strong use of propaganda in some areas, using maps on the small stamps to show areas and claims that some countries have, that don’t actually exist. |
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What is the problem with Israel and Arab nations map? |
It makes it seem like Israel is threatening because it is in the middle of all the other countries that look different from it |
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What projection has been most abused and how? |
Mercator Projection, it provides a distorted world view for those looking at it, making Canada and United States more prominent and areas like the tropical rainforests look less so. |
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Peter's Projection |
An equal area projection |
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What do Peter's and Snyder's projections have in common, good and bad? |
They are both equal area projections,having this equal area type of projection distorts shape though |
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Nazi propaganda mapping |
was the most intense use of the map as an intellectual weapon; to increase nationalism and loyalty to Germany in a time of need for that country |
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What German publication were the pro-Nazi maps featured? |
Facts in Review |
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Where in the US was this publication printed? |
New York, NY |
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Name 4 ways that Nazi Germany used maps to elicit sympathy or support in its efforts |
Made themselves look less aggressive than the United Kingdom, justified the partition of Poland by Russia and Germany, shows Germany acting like a peacemaker in Latvia, said a town in France was mistaken for one in Italy after a bombing. |
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What three map symbols are ofter used for propaganda? |
Arrows, circles, and toponyms |
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Toponyms |
Place names |
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3D scale models of eastern border towns were created when? for what purpose? and how long were they guarded? |
In 1668, so generals and armies could plan realistic maneuvers, and they were guarded as long as World War II. |
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When did mapping begin to change from paper to computer? |
In the 1970s |
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Name one advantage and two disadvantages of computer maps |
Easier to make corrections to, can be edited by computer hackers, and electromagnetic pulses can destroy them |
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Soviet NKVD |
The security police that assumed control of mapmaking in the 1930s in the Soviet Union. |
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Why did Soviets accelerate map disinformation in the 1960s? |
The U.S. had begun to deploy sophisticated spy technologies, and they were trying to throw them off. |
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Logashkino Example |
Representations of the city differed on almost every map and after 1954, it was even omitted from several maps. |
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Salmi example |
Salmi was on both sides of a longitude line |
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Up to how many miles have Soviet maps displaced towns? |
25 miles |
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What did Soviets omit from maps so that distances would be hard to estimate? |
A scale |
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Give two reasons that Soviet Cartographers stopped fudging their maps? |
It is costly economically and in the mapmaking process of the country. |
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Britain's Ordinance Survey |
Maintains lists of sensitive sights on maps that have to be omitted or taken off due to the classified nature of these places. |
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The Love Canal Area: Where is it, what was not mapped, and the consequences? |
Niagara Falls, New York, didn’t show that it was used as a chemical waste dump, declared a state of emergency and over 200 families were relocated. |
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Identify the two forms of cartographic censorship |
Silence and Security censorship |
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What is not shown on basic maps of most cities |
Zones of Danger, or negative characteristics |
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At NYCs biggest planetarium, astronomer Neil Tyson did what? |
took pluto out of the solar system model as a planet |
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How many moons are bigger than Pluto? |
5 |
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Does anyone know exactly what a planet is? |
no |
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Every known object in our solar system is on record where? |
Minor Planet Center |
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What was the original definition of a planet? |
Anything in the sky that moved |
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By the 17th century how many planets had astronomers mapped? |
6 |
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in 1781 what planet was discovered? |
Uranus |
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The later discoveries of Ceres, Palace, Juno, and Vesta were given what term in 1853? |
Minor Planets |
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Clyde Tombaugh was hired to photograph the entire universe and report on any object that was? |
Moving |
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How long did this task take him? |
20 years |
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When did clyde discover pluto? |
February 18, 1930 |
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Mount Kea, Hawaii is perfect for seeing what? |
to the edge of the solar system |
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Dave Jewitt and Jane Luu after over 5 years finally spotted an object that indicated that pluto had what? |
A neighbor |
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What did they call Pluto's neighbor |
1992 QB1 |
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Hundred of neighbors of pluto have been found in a ring of asteroids called what? |
The Kuiper Belt |
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In 27 years, the number of known solar system objects has risen from just over 2,000 to over how many today? |
120,000 |
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Dr. Brian Marston decided it was time to reassess the solar system map and so he made what controversial suggestion? |
removing pluto from the map as a planet and demoting it to a minor planet |
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Brian thought pluto was just another what? |
Another asteroid in the Kuiper Belt |
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Pluto is the only planet completely covered in what? |
Ice |
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A group of astronomers who wish to right the wrongs of the pluto incident call themselves what? |
The Pluto Underground |
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According to Dr. Alan Stearn, everything we know about pluto today could fit on what? |
a few 3x5 notecards |
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As Dr. Stearn says, how much money would it cost for an exploration of pluto by NASA |
$1 billion |
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and how much time would it take for a satellite journey to the littlest planet? |
10 years |
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Astronomer Mike Brown wanted to find what? |
A new planet |
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The largest amount of sky the most powerful telescopes can capture is about how much? |
the size of your hand |
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Brown and Rabinowitz were sweeping which part of the solar system with their telescope? |
The Eccliptic |
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The pluto underground has come up with their definition of a planet and they say a planet is something that has to be what? |
Round |
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What is the problem with this definition? |
other things could be named planets |
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Brown's search yeilded nothing until what happened on Jan 5, 2005? |
He found an object in the sky |
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Where was this thing situated from the normal plane of the solar system? |
45° |
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What was it called? |
2003 UB313 |
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The International Astronomical Union are the people who do what? |
Make the rules on naming things in the universe |
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In august 2006, what did the IAU decide? |
Pluto was no longer a planet, but a dwarf planet |
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What is the current definition of a planet according to the IAU? |
Must be round, orbit the sun, and cleared the neighborhood of its orbit. |
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Do you accept the new map of our solar system? |
Yes |
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When was the Natl Geographic Society founded? |
in 1888 |
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Who founded it? |
Gardiner Greene Hubbard |
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The first magazine was issued when? |
October of 1888 |
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Second president of the society? |
Alexander Graham Bell |
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First supplemental map was published |
In 1889 |
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What was the map of |
The Philippines |
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Where, when, and who was the first mapping expedition funded for? |
Peary, 1909, and to the north pole |
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The first map of the ocean floor was issued in what year? |
1957 |
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When was the first map of the moon issued? |
1968 |
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The first satellite map for the public was of what and in what year? |
The USA and in 1976 |
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The first recipient of the Hubbard Medal for outstanding exploration was who and in what year? |
Robert Perry, in 1906; Before he went on his journey to the north pole. |
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How many UTM zones exist from North-to-South from Intl Date Line Eastward? |
60 zones |
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Each zone is how many degrees longitude wide? |
6° |
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Each zone has |
a central meridian, 2 hemispheres, and a false easting line |
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False Easting Line |
positioned 500,000m west of the central meridian all coordinates measure east and north of the face origin. |
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Rules for given utm measurements |
Easting first, northing second, zone last |
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Blue ticks are in what increments |
1000 meters |
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Felix Baumgartner became the first person to do what? |
Fall faster than |