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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Cartilage apperance
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Glistening white
pearl white smoth firm/flexible shock absorber Few cells chondrocytes abundant extracellular matrix perichondrium dense CT covering |
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Lacunae
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condrocytes inside
potential space in matrix containing the condrocyte |
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Matrix cartilage
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CT type II
GAGs keratin and chondroitin sulfate condronectin water |
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territorial matrix
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surrounding chondrocyte
higher concentration of GAGs |
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Interterritorial matrix
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not claimed
low concentration of GAGs |
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perichondrium fibrous
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type I II
lots of vessels fibroblasts and progenitor cells |
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perichondrium chondrogenic
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progenitor condroblasts
type II only decreasing blood vessels |
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Function of perichondrium
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nutrition via diffusion
growth and repair attachment of ligaments and tendons |
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Appositional cart. growth
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in width as new cells
chondroblast secrete, become trapped, cytes growth from the perichondrium!! |
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intersitial cart growth
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growth from within
daughter chondrocytes secrete cell isogenous nests |
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Hyaline cartilage
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most abundant
joints larynx, trachea, bronchi costal precursor bone |
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Hyaline characteristics
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Type II 40%
GAGs chondronecting binds cells to collagen keratin sulfate increases firmness by binding water |
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elastic cartilage
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same a hyaline without verhoffs stain
auricles of ear external auditory tube eustachian tube epiglottis |
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elastic characteristics
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hyaline with elastic fibers
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Fibrocartilage
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intervertebral discs
TMJ Pubic symphysis |
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fibrocartilage characteristics
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type I and type II collagen
resembles dense CT round cells chondrocytes in lacunae |
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Bone general
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hardest tissue
support calcium resevoir phosphate ions |
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long bone
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diaphysis
metaphysis- growth zone epiphysis-end compact (cortical) cancellous(trabecullar) bone marrow |
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flat bones of skull
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compact or cortical
diploe (like cancellous) |
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Immature vs. mature
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primary v secondary
new bone is cellular and random old bone lamellar arrangemeent EXCEPT sutures of flat bone lining of teeth sockets |
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Periosteum
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dense CT covering
fibrous osteogenic attached to bone via sharpeys fibers- collagen embedded into bone fxn; |
appositional growth blast
repair attachment sensation |
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endosteum
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CT inner
single layer of cells covering internal osteoprogenitor cells-flattened osteoblast-cuboidal-boneforming fxn: |
bone forming (osteoblasts
repair |
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Lamellae of bone
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layers of cells and matric
osteocytes from blasts lacunae canaliculi-spider like process |
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osteoclast
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fusion of vacuum macrophage
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matrix of bone
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inorganic 67%
hydroxyapatite Ca1-PO46OH2 rigidity |
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organic matrix of bone
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40 percent
type I GAGs elasticity |
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Compact bone
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Haversian canal
Volkamns canal concentric lamellae |
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Haversian canal
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space between blood vessel, nerve
loose CT |
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haversian system
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osteon
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osteocytes
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in lacunae
canaliculi connect them and Haversian canals via canaliculi they communicate via gap junctions distribution of nutrients |
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Osteocytes fxn
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maintain mineral matrix
mediate short term release reuptake of calcium |
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Volkmann's perforating canal
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Haversian canal communication
and with periosteum and bone marrow cavity not surrounded by lamellae |
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interstitial lamellae
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rep the remains of Haversian systems
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cement line
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outer limit of haversian system
thin ling of ground substance and little collagen |
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Spongy Cancellous bone
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central region of diaphysis
diploe of skull spongiosa of alveolar process trabeculae-fishnet anasomose |
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Cell components cancellous
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osteoblasts-endosteum make osteoid type I collage and chondroitin sulfate also alakine phospatase (mineralizaiton)
osteoclast-- large multinucleated cell from monocytes possesss lysozoymes and acid phosphatase reabsorbtion Howships lacunae |
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marrow cavity
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hemato
sinusoid vascular channels reticular cells and fibers (silver impregnation stain) |
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Joints between bones
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synovial v. nonsynovial
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synovial joints
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allow movemtn
end hyaline cartilage enclosed in sac like casule secetory epithelial cells of mesoderm tibiofemoral joint, TMJ |
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non synovial joint
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no free movement
joined by dense CT |
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Hormones positive on osteoblasts
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intermittant!! PTH
GH E2 T3/T4 1,25 OH2D3 |
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hormone neg effect on osteoblast
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cortisol
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blasts on clasts
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via cytokines
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osteoclast hormone positive
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continous PTH
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osteoclast negative
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E2
calcitonin |
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PTH
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secreted in response to low blood calcium
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GH
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growth hormone from pituitary
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E2
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estradiol
estrogen in females osteoperosis |
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corisol
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glucocorticoid hormone from adrenal glands, excess osteoperosis (cushings)
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t3 t4
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thryoid stimulates growth metabolism
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1,25-Oh2D3
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vitamin D
from diet and sun Ca++ absorbtion from GI tract bone mineralization |
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calcitonin
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peptide from thryoid gland in response to increasinng blood calcium
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bone is a
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end target organ for endocrine system
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