Cariology - Radiographic Diagnosis

Front 1

On a radiograph, your right is the patients (left or right)

Back 1

left

Front 2

On a radiograph, the buble should be (concave, convex)

Back 2

convex, towards you

Front 3

On a radiograph, caries will appear (radioopaque, radiolucent)

Back 3

radiolucent (black)

Front 4

TACT, or tuned aperture computed tomgraphy is good for (clinical practice, research)

Back 4

research

Front 5

True or False, digital radiographs do NOT use X-rays

Back 5

False, all radiographs require X-rays, digital or not

Front 6

For digital X-rays, grayness ranges from 0 to 255, with 0 being (white, black)

Back 6

black (255 is white)

Front 7

Radiolucency is (black, white) where radioopaque is (black, white)

Back 7

black, white

Front 8

A technique that allows us to determine quantitative changes in radiographs is called

Back 8

digital subtraction radiography

Front 9

Digital subtraction radiography involves taking 2 radiographs about how many months apart?

Back 9

3 to 6

Front 10

Digital subtraction radiography can detect as little as ???% demineralization

Back 10

5%

Front 11

What is one main reason that digital subtraction radiography is rarely (if ever) used?

Back 11

The 2 radiographs must be taken at exactly the same angle and this is almost impossible to do

Front 12

Digital subtraction is good for monitoring what?

Back 12

periodontal disease

Front 13

A 3-D computer model generated as part of a Tuned-aperture computed tomography is called

Back 13

pseudohologram

Front 14

This method constructs radiographic slices or cross sections through teeth

Back 14

Tuned-aperture computed tomography (TACT)

Front 15

Bitewing radiographs are good for detecting caries located where?

Back 15

interproximally or clinically hidden (can also be used for occlusal caries)

Front 16

What you see on a radiograph apears (less, more) severe than the caries actually are

Back 16

less, the actual caries will be 30 to 40% worse than they appear on radiograph

Front 17

True or False, all radiolucent areas are caries

Back 17

False, only some. You must know the anatomy of a tooth to determine if the area is caries or normal

Front 18

With a rating of R-0 through R-4, which describes no radiolucency?

Back 18

R-0

Front 19

With a rating of R-0 through R-4, which describes radiolucency in the outer half of the enamel and this considered incipient?

Back 19

R-1

Front 20

With a rating of R-0 through R-4, which describes radiolucency at least half way through the enamel with lesions up to the enamel-dentin junction?

Back 20

R-2 (from this number and up, we MUST treat)

Front 21

With a rating of R-0 through R-4, which describes radiolucency extending into the dentin but less that half way through? (Invades DEJ)

Back 21

R-3

Front 22

With a rating of R-0 through R-4, which describes radiolucency more than halfway into the dentin and into the pulp?

Back 22

R-4

Front 23

What is the name for caries confined to the outer half of the enamel and thus repairable?

Back 23

Incipient caries

Front 24

True or False, Incipient caries are limited to the outer half of the enamel and this should NOT be repaired because they can be remineralized

Back 24

True, this corresponds to an R-1

Front 25

True or False, A matte/chalky surface indicates that caries are inactive

Back 25

False, these are active caries

Front 26

True or False, a brown and shiny hard surface indicates and arrested lesion

Back 26

True, this means the caries are no longer progressing

Front 27

True or False, Lesions that have become arrested will stay that way permenantly

Back 27

False, they can become reactivatedin which case part of it will be soft and leathery

Front 28

What is the most prevalent location for caries?

Back 28

Occlusal

Front 29

True or False, Occlusal caries are quite uncommon in children and adolescents

Back 29

False, most common

Front 30

Occlusal caries form what type of shape?

Back 30

Triangular (apex is on occlusal surface and base within the tooh)

Front 31

True or False, radiographs are not always reliable for diagnosing occlusal caries

Back 31

True.

Front 32

Carious occlusal lesions spread along what line?

Back 32

DEJ

Front 33

If an occlusal lesion spreads too far, it will extend pulpally in what type of shape?

Back 33

sphere

Front 34

Radiographic diagnosis of occlusal regions are only good once they reach what part of the tooth?

Back 34

dentin

Front 35

True or False, You can see incipient occlusal caries on a radiograph

Back 35

False, this is an R-1 and you can only see R-2 and above

Front 36

True or False, Incipient proximal caries develop quickly

Back 36

False, slowly

Front 37

How many years dows it take for incipient proximal caries to become apparent?

Back 37

3 to 4

Front 38

Between what 2 parts of a tooth do incipient proximal caries typically develop

Back 38

between contact point and height of free gingival margin

Front 39

Incipient proximal caries typically appear how on a radiograph?

Back 39

as a radioluscent notch or V-shaped area on outer enamel

Front 40

True or False, on proximal caries with V shaped lesions, the apex points at the DEJ

Back 40

True, this is the opposite of occlusal caries where the base is towards the DEJ

Front 41

What is the minimum percentage needed in order to detect caries on a radiograph?

Back 41

30 to 40%

Front 42

True or False, it is NOT recommended that you restore R-1 caries

Back 42

True, these are incipient and can be reveresed naturally

Front 43

When looking at interproximal radiolucency, what 2 things must you compare to see if it really is caries?

Back 43

mesial and distal as well as other side of mouth

Front 44

True or False, Pulp exposure can always be determined from a radiograph

Back 44

False, often cannot be detected from radiograph alone

Front 45

True or False, Occlusal caries can be detected starting at R-3

Back 45

True, below that there is not enough destruction detectable

Front 46

True or False, the periphery of a lesion on a facial or lingual caries are well demarcated

Back 46

True.

Front 47

Cervical caries are _____ shaped.

Back 47

crescent

Front 48

What type of lesion is often described as "black hole" or dots?

Back 48

Facial / Lingual caries

Front 49

Cemental caries are known by what two other names?

Back 49

root or radicular caries

Front 50

Cemental caries often begin at what line?

Back 50

CEJ (cementum… duh)

Front 51

The base of a cemental lesion is determined by the recession of what?

Back 51

gingiva

Front 52

True or False, Cemental caries are often very well defined

Back 52

False, ill defined, saucer-shaped, scooped out, discolored

Front 53

Cervical burn out is often misdiagnosed as what?

Back 53

root caries

Front 54

True or False, cervical burn out is not a carious lesion

Back 54

True.

Front 55

Cervical burn out is seen at the neck of the tooth, but below what line?

Back 55

CEJ

Front 56

Cervical burnout on posterior teeth are shaped how?

Back 56

Triangular or wedge shape on proximal surface

Front 57

Cervical burnout on anterior teeth are shaped how?

Back 57

A band across the cervical neck of the tooth

Front 58

Radiolucency along the cervical region is often not a lesion but instead is what?

Back 58

cervical burn out

Front 59

What type of treatment is required for cervical burn out?

Back 59

None.

Front 60

What causes cervical burn out?

Back 60

density differences in the tooth below the CEJ, but will often go away if the X-ray is shot at a better horizontal angle

Front 61

What do we call a new unprepared lesion?

Back 61

primary

Front 62

What do we call a lesion that is recurrent?

Back 62

secondary

Front 63

Why are secondary lesions often hard to detect?

Back 63

existing restorations can get in the way

Front 64

The amount of blackness on a radiograph is known as what?

Back 64

density

Front 65

A difference in density is known as what?

Back 65

contrast

Front 66

Radiographs tend to (underestimate, overestimate) the actual size of a lesion

Back 66

underestimate

Front 67

New patient adolescent and adults should have what 3 types or radiographs taken?

Back 67

A combination of BW, PA, and panoramic

Front 68

When should new patient children be given posterior bitwings?

Back 68

when proximal contacts cannot be visualised or probed

Front 69

Recall patient children with HIGH caries risk should have bitewings how often?

Back 69

6 months or until caries are no longer evident

Front 70

Recall patient adolescents with HIGH caries risk should have bitewings how often?

Back 70

6 to 12 months or until caries are no longer evident

Front 71

Recall patient adults with HIGH caries risk should have bitewings how often?

Back 71

12 to 18 months or until caries are no longer evident

Front 72

Recall patient children with NO caries risk should have bitewings how often?

Back 72

12 to 24 months if proximal contacts canot be visualized or probed

Front 73

Recall patient adolescents with NO caries risk should have bitewings how often?

Back 73

18 to 36 months

Front 74

Recall patient adults with NO caries risk should have bitewings how often?

Back 74

24 to 36 months