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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The study of disease and its determinants in populations and groups is known as
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Epidemiology
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A chronic disease caused by bacteria the destroys enamel, dentin and cementum
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Dental Caries
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The neglected American epidemic describes what
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Dental disease
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Use of survey methods to collect data about a particular defined population to describe their oral health status is called what
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Descriptive Epidemiology
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Use of specific designs to test a hypothesis and demonstrate and association and establish a relationship is called
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Analytical Epidemiology
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Clinical trials designed to test the cause or efficacy of an agent or a regimen is called what type of epid.
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Experimental Epid.
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the number of individuals with affected teeth or surfaces would be desribed as the
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prevalenc
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the number of new caries or lesions in a defined period of TIME would be called what
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Incidence
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What the data of a particular study is actually showing to happen is refered to as a
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trend
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the decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth is shortened by what acronym
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DMFT
dmft for decidous |
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the number of decayed missing or filled permanent surfaces is shortened into what acronym
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DMFS
dmfs for decidous |
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What are the trends of percentage of caries free kids from 1974 to 1980 to 1989
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25, 37, 50
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What percent of adults exhibited evidence of past or present caries
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94%
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what percent of children constitute 80% of all dental caries
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25
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What is the single most common childhood disease
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tooth decay
note its 5 times more prevalent than asthma |
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for each child without medical insurance there is how many without dental insurance
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2.6
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how many hours of school are lost due to dental problems
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51 million
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What things did the Oklahoma Oral Health Needs Assesment Survey screen for
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# sealants, untreated cavities, fillings, missing teeth and need for dental treatment
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What percent of oklahoma 3rd graders have experienced some form of dental caries
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69.4
goal by 2010 to reduce to 42% |
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what percent of oklahoma 3rd graders had untreated caries
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40.2
goal by 2010 to reduce to 21% |
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What pecent of oklahoma 3rd graders had at least one sealant
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37.2
goal by 2010 to raise to 50% |
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What were the five reccomendations to improve oral health for oklahoma children and adolescents
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Increase education efforts of importance of dental health as a whole
Increase Access to dental care Emphasize importance of dental sealants to both public and dentists Increase number of public water systems with fluoride Decrease incidence of tobacco use |
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What old ass dentist wrote books about the pathology of caries
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W. D. Miller and GV Black
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Who used the term gelatinoid plaques
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GV black
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What 3 discoveries had a major impact on development of cariology and restorative dentistry
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1930s- relate sugar to caries
1940s- role of microorganisms and fact they can spread caries from animal to animal 1940s- Demonstration of fluorides kickass abilities to reduce cavities |
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What are some of the bacteri names that cause caries
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STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS - gram + aerobic, non motile, acid producing
s. sobrinus s. sanguis Lactobacilli- gram +, non motile rods that produce acid under ANAEROBIC conditions |
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What percent of enamel is mineralized, same with dentin
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95-98
60-65 |
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What are some things saliva has in it to keep ph around 7
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Electrolytes and organic molecules, sodium bicarbonate and phosphates
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What is a salivary protein name that raises pH in the piehole
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Sialin
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what are saliva's functions
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lube, helps with mastication, swallowing, speech, aids in digestion- alpah amylase
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What is the most abundant salivary enzyme and what does it do
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Aplha Amylase
breaks down carbs to maltose, maltotriose and dextrins Note acids can form during this breakdown |
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Saliva flow rate can be influenced by what
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meds, radiation therapy to head and neck, autoimmune diseases-AIDS, menopause, eating disorders, diabetes, depression and sliaolithiasis
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What is slialalsitilhtihithsihishishsihiis
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stone in salivary gland
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The basal salivary rate can be decreased by what
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sleep, fear and depression-
also water balance, gland size nature and duration of stimulus, thought smell and sight of food |
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Where are IgG usually found
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in blood
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where are Secretory Immunoglobulins found(S-IgA)
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secreted by minor salivary glands
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what protects bacteria from neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes
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Bacterial plaque biofilm
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a dense non mineralized higly organized mass of bacterial colonies in a gel like intermicrobial matrix
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Bacterial plaque biofilm or microbial plaque
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what percent of population exhibits some form of perio disease
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50-90
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What are the 3 stages of bacterial plaque formation
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formation of aquired pellicle,
bacterial colonization and plaque maturation |
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the presence of what does not mean youll get a carious lesion but must be present for a lesion to happen
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biofilm
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what are some causes of caries
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hygiene practices, diet, attitude toward health, disability, meds cause side effect, lack of knowledge
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caries is a disease that has no single cause, it could be defined as what
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Multifactorial
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deminerilizatino/remin. occure where
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at interface of tooth surface and biofilm deposits
note removal of biofilm can allow remineralization |
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factors that determin loss of mineralization are
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magnitude of ph fluctuations, thickness of biofilm, salivary composition/secretion and rate, diet, fluoride concentration in saliva
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what is the structural backbone of dentin
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collagen
it holds apatite crystals together |
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a network of diffusion pathways in enamel is called
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micropores
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passage of light through the tooth, where unhealthy enamel areas letting light through can be viewed is called what
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transillumination
note used more often for anterior teeth |
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the process of acids produced by cariogenic bacterial plaque difuse into microchannels(between enamel crystals) and desolve the minreal in tooth structure is called what
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Demineralization
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overtime a demineralized are may turn darker from what factors
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food, beverages and tobacco
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demineralized tooth structure causes a decrease in what, which is appearent as a radiolucency on film
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density
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T or F
caries is never farther advanced than what the radiograph shows |
F
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What are some classes of caries
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Pit and fissure
occlussal-appear once lesion reaches DEJ Smooth surface Interproximal-develop apical to contacts Root Surface- also referred to as cervical, cementum or radicular Recurrent |
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What are some methods used to stop carious lesions
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Fluroide, decrease sugar intake, improved hygiene
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caries less than half way thru enamel are called
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incipient caries
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how does the caries spread out once under the DEJ
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laterally and moves toward pulp
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a tooth may be symptomatic to hot, cold or both when what
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the caries is halfway to pulp
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what are some of the carious shapes you might see on radiograph
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half moon, or triangular(chevron)
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what caries type shows a strong tendency to increase with age
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root caries
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what is nescessary for root caries
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gingival recession due to periodontal disease
also associated with conditions that cause xreostomia |
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caries that happen a existing margins of restorations are called
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Recurrent Caries-
best detected with explorer cause they can be obscured radiographically |
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how should you check for recurrent caries
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discolorations around existing restoration, cracks in restoration, or space in between restoration and enamel
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widespread rapidly progressive destructionary caries are called what
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Rampant caries
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form of rampant caries caused by xerostomia due to atrophy of salivary glands and follows head and neck radiation therapy
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Radiation caries
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incipient or more advanced caries that are prevented from advancing due to change in hygiene/oral environment are called what
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arrested caries
may appear yellow, brown or black exposed dentin but is very hard and polished |
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remineralization occurs if what occurs
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saliva neutralizes acid,
saliva also allows calcium and phosphate to diffuse back into tooth thru microchannels |
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before eating what does plaque ph range from
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6.2 to 7.0
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enamel demineralization occurs around what ph range
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4.5-5.5
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what ph does root surface demineralize at
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6.0 to 6.7
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the amount of demineralization depends on what factors
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frequency and length of time acid is contacting tooth
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what ppm is fluoride in needed in saliva to get beneficial effects
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.04 to .08 ppm
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flouride inhibits carious process by three mechanisms what are they
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inhibiting bacterial plaque
inhibiting demineralization enhancing remin. by creating caries resistant surface(fluoroapitite) |
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name some chemotherapeutic agents used to fight caries
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chlorhexidine gluconate- fatally disrupts cell membrane of bacterial cells
(peridex,perioguard) xylitol- causes environment which prevents s. mutans from adhering, studies show it can disrupt passage from mom to baby |
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occlusal surfaces PM and molars, facial and lingual surfaces of molars and lingual surfaces of maxillary incisors
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Class I
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cavities on proximal surfaces of PM and molars
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Class II
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cavities on proximal surfaces of incisors and canines not involved with incisal angle
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Class III
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cavities in proximal surface of incisors or canines that involve incisal angle
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Class IV
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cavities in cervical 1/3 of faial or lingual surfaces(not pit or fissure)
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Class V
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cavities on incisal edges of ant teeth and cusp tip of posteriors
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Class VI
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