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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Parts of a human cell
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cell membrane, cytosol, cell organelles, and a nucleus (except for a mature Red Blood Cell)
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Nucleus
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The controll center of the cell. Contains 46 chromosomes made of DNA and protein.
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Gene
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the code for one protein
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Mutations
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DNA mistakes acqired during life. They may kill the cell or may irreversibly alter their function. This is the basis for some cancer.
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Neoplasms
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cells that reproduce abnormally, also known as tumors
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Benign tumor
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a cluster of cells that is not normal to the body but is noncancerous
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Cancer
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a group of cells that grows out of control
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Cancer cells
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poorly constructed, loosely formed, and without organization. "Confused Cells"
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Malignant
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a synonym for cancer, a growth that resists treatment and tends to worsen and threaten death
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Contact inhibition
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a property of normal cells in which contach by the cell with another cell or tissue signals cells to stop dividing. (cancer cells do not have this)
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Initiation
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first step in cancer cell growth and reproduction. Causes an alteration in the genetic structure of the cell.
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Promotion
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second step in cancer cell growth and reproduction. a tumor forms from mutated cell reproduction.
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Viruses that may cause cancer
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oncoviruses(RNA-type viruses), Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus 2, Papillomavirus, and Chronic hepititis B.
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Ratiation Therapy
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used to treat cancer patients by destroying rapidly dividing cancer cells.
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Factors that may cause cancer
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enviroment, viruses, radiation, irritants, genetics, diet, hormones, and immune system factors.
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Cancer classification
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cancers are identified by the tissue affected, speed of cell growth, cell appearance, and location.
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In situ cancers
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neoplastic cells that remain in one area
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Metastasis
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the term used to describe the spread of the tumor from the primary site into separate and distant areas.
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Cancer cell abilities
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1. invade blood or lymph vessels
2. move by mechanical means 3. lodge and grow in a new location |
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Mammography
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a specific x-ray of breast tissue used to detect a mass too small for palpation
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Ways to prevent cancer
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proper diet and exercise, protectant foods, vaccines, and biopsy.
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biopsy
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surgical removal of tissue cells
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3 main types of cancer treatment
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chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation
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palliation
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symptom control
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Xerostomia
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dry mouth, symptom of radiation therapy
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Desquamation
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similar to a second-degree burn, symptom of radiation therapy
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Cytotoxic drugs
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drugs that can be used for cure, control, or palliation of cancerous tumors and are described according to how they affect cell activity. Used in Chemotherapy.
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Nadir
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the time period when the cell counts are lowest
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Leukopenia
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low white blood cell counts
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thrombocytopenia
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a reduction in platelets, increases the risk of brusing and bleeding and can require platelet transfusion
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Alopecia
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hair loss, common with many chemotherapeutic drugs
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Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS)
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occurs in patients with lung cancer when the tumor or enlarged lymph nodes block the circulation in the vena cava
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Spinal Cord Compression
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may develop in patients with bone metastasis when the bones collapse
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Hypercalcemia
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occurs when the serum calcium level exceeds 11 mg/dL.
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Pericardial Effusion/Cardiac Tamponade
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a condition usually caused by direct invasion of the cancer, causing the pericardial sac to fill with fluid
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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
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involves an abnormal activation of the clot formation and fibrin mechanisms of the blood resulting in the consumption of coagulation factors and platelets
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