Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Diabetes Insipidus
|
Too Little Antidiuretic. (Water Loss)
Urine = Dilute Serum = Concentrated Meds: Vasopressin, IV Hypotonic Saline, Dextrose 5%, DDAVP |
|
Clinical Manifestations of Diabetes Insipidus
|
Polyuria. Polydipsia. Specific Gravity - 1.001 to 1.030)
Urinary Putput exceed 5 to 20 L/ 24 hr |
|
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone |
Too much antidiuretic hormone. (Water retention) Urine = Concentrated Serum = Dilute Meds: Lithium Carbonate, Declomycin |
|
Dwarfism |
Too Little Growth Hormone Meds: GH Injection
|
|
Clinical Manifestations of SIADH |
Hyponatremia, weakness, muscle cramps, anorexia, nausea, and headache |
|
Clinical Manifestation of Dwarfism |
Child is A great deal shorter than their peers |
|
Acromegaly |
Overgrowth of Somatotropin hormone. Meds: Dostinex, Sandostatin |
|
Clinical Manifestation of Acromegaly |
Enlarged Jaw, Enlargement of tongue, bulging forehead, thick lips |
|
Gigantism |
Too much growth hormone Meds: Surgical removal of tumor |
|
Clinical Manifestation of Gigantism |
Great height, Inrease in weight but body proportions are usually normal |
|
Hypothyroidism (Hashimoto)
|
Too little thyroid hormone
(Slows metabolic process, weight gain) Meds: Levothyroxine |
|
Clinical Manifestation of Hypothyroidism |
Intolerance to cold, decreased cardiac output and contractility |
|
Hyperthyroidism (Graves Disease)
|
Too much thyroid hormone
Meds: Radioactive Iodine, Tapazole, PTU (increased dosage of digoxin; reduced dosage of anticoagulant) Confirmed by decrease in TSH and elevation of free T4 |
|
Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism |
Bulging eyes, edema around neck |
|
Goiter |
Enlargement of thyroid due to low iodine levels elevated TSH, T3, & T4 Meds: Thyroidectomy, Administer Potassium Iodide, Diet high in Iodine. |
|
Cancer of Thyroid |
Cancer of the thyroid (Iodine deficiency) Meds: Chemotherapy, Radiation |
|
Clinical Manifestation of Thyroid Cancer |
Firm, fixed, small rounded ainless mass or nodules |
|
Hyperparthyroidism |
Too much secretion from parathyroid (Calcium in blood, Hypercalcemia, Hyperphosphatemia) Meds: Surgical Removal, Autotransplantation
|
|
Clinical Manifestation of Hyperparathyroidism
|
Hypercalcemia, Skeletal Pain, Kidney Stones
|
|
Hypoparathyroidism |
Too little secretion of parathyroid hormone (Calcium in bone) Meds: IV Calcium gluconate, Calcium Chloride |
|
Clinical Manifestation of Hypothyroidism |
Intolerance to cold, Tetany |
|
Cushing's Syndrome (Adrenal Hyperfunction) |
Excessive secretions Meds: Mitotane (Lysodren), Adrenalectomy |
|
Clinical Manifestation for Cushing's Syndrome |
Weight Gain, Striads, Hypokalemia, Hyperglycemia. ( Potassium & Calcium - Decreased Salt & Sugar - Increased) |
|
Addison Disease ( Adrenal Hypofunction) |
Decrease production of adrenal hormones Meds: Hydrocortisone, Fludrocortisone (Florinef) ( Potassium & Calcium - Increased Salt & Sugar - Decreased) |
|
Clinical Manifestation of Addison Disease |
Hyperpigmentation, Postural Hypotension, Hyponatremia, Hypoglycemia |
|
Pheochromocytoma |
Tumor on the adrenal medulla Meds: Alpha Adrenergic Blocker (Prazosin) Beta Blocker ( Metoprolol) |
|
Clinical Manifestation of Pheochromocytoma |
Severe hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, chest pain
|
|
Diabetes Mellitus |
Metabolic disorder results in improper metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, protein |
|
Clinical Manifestation of Diabetes |
3 Polys; Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia |
|
Type 1 Diabetes |
Lack of insulin production |
|
Type 2 Diabetes |
Impaired Insulin utilization |
|
Insulin peak levels |
30 minutes after meals and returns back to normal 2-3 hours
|
|
Glucose in the liver |
Glycogen; sent out when theres a decrease in glucose in blood |
|
Diabetes Quantitative Diet |
How much a person should eat 50% Carbohydrates 30% Fats 20 % Protein |
|
Diabetes Qualitative Diet |
Unmeasured and unrestricted May be used for people whose glucose levels are not high ( pediatrics) (Less stict) |
|
Effect of exercise with insulin intake |
Exercise can reduce insulin resistance and increase glucose uptake |
|
Lispro (Humalog) |
Rapid acting Onset 15-30 min Peak 1-2 hr Duration 3-4 hrs |
|
Aspart ( Novolog) |
Rapid Acting Onset 15 -30 min Peak 1-3 hr Duration 3-5 hr |
|
Glusline ( Apidra) |
Rapid Acting Onset 15 - 30 min Peak 1-3 hr Duration 3-5 |
|
Regular |
Short Acting Onset 30 - 60 min Peak 2-4 hr Duration 6-8 hr |
|
Lente |
Intermediate acting Onset 1 - 3 hr Peak 6-12 hr Duration 18-26 hr |
|
Glargine (Lantus) |
Long Acting Onset 1-2 hr Peak No produced peak Duration 24 hrs |
|
Detemir (Levemir) |
Long Acting Onset 1-2 hr Peak No peak produced Duaration 24 Hr |
|
Ultralente |
Long Acting Onset 4-6 hr Peak 18 hr Duration 24 hr |
|
Sulfonylureas |
Stimulate sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites. |
|
Meglitinides |
Stimulate sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites |
|
Biguanide |
Stores sugar in liver. Allows cells to recognize receptor sites |
|
Alpha - Glucosidase |
Works in small intestines. Delays carbohydrate absorption |
|
Thiazolidinediones |
Sesitivity to receptor sites |
|
Pramlintide (Symlin) SubQ |
Used in type 1 & 2 diabetes Decrease realease of glucagen and the formation in the liver |
|
Exenatide (Byetta) |
Only for type 2: Stimulate release of insulin from beta cells. Decrease Glucagon secretion |
|
Gastropariesis |
Impaired peristalsis |