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52 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Diabetes Insipidus
Too Little Antidiuretic. (Water Loss)

Urine = Dilute 

Serum = Concentrated

Meds: Vasopressin, IV Hypotonic Saline, Dextrose 5%, DDAVP
Clinical Manifestations of Diabetes Insipidus
Polyuria. Polydipsia. Specific Gravity - 1.001 to 1.030)

Urinary Putput exceed 5 to 20 L/ 24 hr

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone

Too much antidiuretic hormone. (Water retention)


Urine = Concentrated


Serum = Dilute


Meds: Lithium Carbonate, Declomycin

Dwarfism

Too Little Growth Hormone


Meds: GH Injection


 

Clinical Manifestations of SIADH

Hyponatremia, weakness, muscle cramps, anorexia, nausea, and headache

Clinical Manifestation of Dwarfism

Child is A great deal shorter than their peers

Acromegaly

Overgrowth of Somatotropin hormone. 


Meds: Dostinex, Sandostatin

Clinical Manifestation of Acromegaly

Enlarged Jaw, Enlargement of tongue, bulging forehead, thick lips

Gigantism

Too much growth hormone


Meds: Surgical removal of tumor

Clinical Manifestation of Gigantism 

Great height, Inrease in weight but body proportions are usually normal

Hypothyroidism (Hashimoto)
Too little thyroid hormone

(Slows metabolic process, weight gain)

Meds: Levothyroxine

Clinical Manifestation of Hypothyroidism

Intolerance to cold, decreased cardiac output and contractility

Hyperthyroidism (Graves Disease)
Too much thyroid hormone

Meds: Radioactive Iodine, Tapazole, PTU

(increased dosage of digoxin; reduced dosage of anticoagulant)

Confirmed by decrease in TSH and elevation of free T4

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism

Bulging eyes, edema around neck

Goiter

Enlargement of thyroid due to low iodine levels


elevated TSH, T3, & T4


Meds: Thyroidectomy, Administer Potassium Iodide, Diet high in Iodine.

Cancer of Thyroid 

Cancer of the thyroid (Iodine deficiency)


Meds: Chemotherapy, Radiation

Clinical Manifestation of Thyroid Cancer

Firm, fixed, small rounded ainless mass or nodules

Hyperparthyroidism

Too much secretion from parathyroid


(Calcium in blood, Hypercalcemia, Hyperphosphatemia)


Meds: Surgical Removal, Autotransplantation


 

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia, Skeletal Pain, Kidney Stones

Hypoparathyroidism

Too little secretion of parathyroid hormone


(Calcium in bone) 


Meds: IV Calcium gluconate, Calcium Chloride

Clinical Manifestation of Hypothyroidism

Intolerance to cold, Tetany

Cushing's Syndrome (Adrenal Hyperfunction)

Excessive secretions


Meds: Mitotane (Lysodren), Adrenalectomy

Clinical Manifestation for Cushing's Syndrome

Weight Gain, Striads, Hypokalemia, Hyperglycemia. 


( Potassium & Calcium - Decreased


Salt & Sugar - Increased)

Addison Disease ( Adrenal Hypofunction)

Decrease production of adrenal hormones


Meds: Hydrocortisone, Fludrocortisone (Florinef)


( Potassium & Calcium - Increased


Salt & Sugar - Decreased)

Clinical Manifestation of Addison Disease

Hyperpigmentation, Postural Hypotension, Hyponatremia, Hypoglycemia

Pheochromocytoma

Tumor on the adrenal medulla


Meds: Alpha Adrenergic Blocker (Prazosin) Beta Blocker ( Metoprolol)

Clinical Manifestation of Pheochromocytoma

Severe hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, chest pain


 

Diabetes Mellitus 

Metabolic disorder results in improper metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, protein

Clinical Manifestation of Diabetes

3 Polys; Polyuria


Polydipsia


Polyphagia

Type 1 Diabetes

Lack of insulin production

Type 2 Diabetes

Impaired Insulin utilization

Insulin peak levels

30 minutes after meals and returns back to normal 2-3 hours


 

Glucose in the liver

Glycogen; sent out when theres a decrease in glucose in blood

Diabetes Quantitative Diet

How much a person should eat


50% Carbohydrates


30% Fats


20 % Protein

Diabetes Qualitative Diet

Unmeasured and unrestricted


May be used for people whose glucose levels are not high ( pediatrics) (Less stict)

Effect of exercise with insulin intake

Exercise can reduce insulin resistance and increase glucose uptake

Lispro (Humalog)

Rapid acting


Onset 15-30 min


Peak 1-2 hr


Duration 3-4 hrs

Aspart ( Novolog)

Rapid Acting


Onset 15 -30 min


Peak 1-3 hr


Duration 3-5 hr

Glusline ( Apidra)

Rapid Acting


Onset 15 - 30 min


Peak 1-3 hr 


Duration 3-5

Regular 

Short Acting 


Onset 30 - 60 min 


Peak 2-4 hr


Duration 6-8 hr

Lente 

Intermediate acting 


Onset 1 - 3 hr


Peak 6-12 hr


Duration 18-26 hr

Glargine (Lantus)

Long Acting


Onset 1-2 hr 


Peak No produced peak


Duration 24 hrs

 


Detemir (Levemir)

Long Acting 


Onset 1-2 hr 


Peak No peak produced


Duaration 24 Hr

Ultralente

Long Acting 


Onset 4-6 hr 


Peak 18 hr


Duration 24 hr

Sulfonylureas

Stimulate sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites.

Meglitinides

Stimulate sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites

Biguanide

Stores sugar in liver. Allows cells to recognize receptor sites

Alpha - Glucosidase

Works in small intestines. Delays carbohydrate absorption

Thiazolidinediones

Sesitivity to receptor sites

Pramlintide (Symlin) SubQ

Used in type 1 & 2 diabetes


Decrease realease of glucagen and the formation in the liver

Exenatide (Byetta)

Only for type 2: Stimulate release of insulin from beta cells. Decrease Glucagon secretion

Gastropariesis

Impaired peristalsis