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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pathophysiologic Results of Neurologic/oncologic disorders
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Manifestations depend upon the tissues infiltrated and compressed by the neoplasm
Pathophysiologic events may include: Increase ICP Seizures Hydrocephalus Altered pituitary function |
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Oncologic Tumors
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Brain tumors
-Benign or malignant -Classification is based upon location and histological characteristics Types of primary tumors -Gliomas -Meningiomas -Acoustic neuromas -Pituitary adenomas Angiomas—masses of abnormal blood vessels Metastatic tumors |
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Brain Tumors
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Symptoms are dependent upon the location and size of the lesion and the compression of associated structures
Manifestations: -Localized or generalized neurologic symptoms -Symptoms of increased ICP -Headache -Vomiting -Visual disturbances Hormonal effects with pituitary adenoma Loss of hearing, tinnitus, and vertigo with acoustic neuroma |
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Dx evaluation of Neuro/oncologic
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Neurologic examination
CT scan MRI PET scan EEG Cytological study of cerebral spinal fluid Biopsy |
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Medical Management of Neuro/onco
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-Specific treatment depends upon the type, location, and accessibility of the tumor
-Surgery Goal is removal of tumor without increasing neurologic symptoms or to relieve symptoms by decompression Craniotomy, transspenoidal surgery, stereotactic procedures -Radiation therapy External beam radiation Brachytherapy -Chemotherapy |
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Spinal Cord Tumors
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Classified according to their anatomic relation to the spinal cord
-Intramedullary: within the cord -Extramedullary: extradural; outside the dural membrane Manifestations include pain, weakness, and loss of motor function, loss of reflexes, loss of sensation Tx depends upon type of tumor and location -Surgical removal -Measures to relieve compression: dexamethasone combined with radiation |
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Planning care for Brain tumors
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Major goals may include compensating for self-care deficits, improving nutrition, reducing anxiety, enhanced family coping skills, and absence of complications.
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Nursing Intervention of Brain Tumors
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-Encourage independence for as long as possible
-Measures to improve cognitive function -Allow patient to participate in decision making -Allow patient to express fears and concerns -Presence of family, friends, spiritual advisor, and health care personnel may be supportive -Referral to counselor, social worker, home health care, support groups -Referral for hospice care |
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Improving Nutrition in brain tumors
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-Oral hygiene before meals
-Plan meals for times when patient is comfortable and well rested -Measures to make mealtime as pleasant as possible -Offer preferred foods -Dietary supplements -Daily weight -Record dietary intake |