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9 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Pathophysiologic Results of Neurologic/oncologic disorders
Manifestations depend upon the tissues infiltrated and compressed by the neoplasm
Pathophysiologic events may include:
Increase ICP
Seizures
Hydrocephalus
Altered pituitary function
Oncologic Tumors
Brain tumors
-Benign or malignant
-Classification is based upon location and histological characteristics

Types of primary tumors
-Gliomas
-Meningiomas
-Acoustic neuromas
-Pituitary adenomas

Angiomas—masses of abnormal blood vessels
Metastatic tumors
Brain Tumors
Symptoms are dependent upon the location and size of the lesion and the compression of associated structures

Manifestations:
-Localized or generalized neurologic symptoms
-Symptoms of increased ICP
-Headache
-Vomiting
-Visual disturbances

Hormonal effects with pituitary adenoma

Loss of hearing, tinnitus, and vertigo with acoustic neuroma
Dx evaluation of Neuro/oncologic
Neurologic examination
CT scan
MRI
PET scan
EEG
Cytological study of cerebral spinal fluid
Biopsy
Medical Management of Neuro/onco
-Specific treatment depends upon the type, location, and accessibility of the tumor

-Surgery
Goal is removal of tumor without increasing neurologic symptoms or to relieve symptoms by decompression
Craniotomy, transspenoidal surgery, stereotactic procedures

-Radiation therapy
External beam radiation
Brachytherapy

-Chemotherapy
Spinal Cord Tumors
Classified according to their anatomic relation to the spinal cord
-Intramedullary: within the cord
-Extramedullary: extradural; outside the dural membrane

Manifestations include pain, weakness, and loss of motor function, loss of reflexes, loss of sensation

Tx depends upon type of tumor and location
-Surgical removal
-Measures to relieve compression: dexamethasone combined with radiation
Planning care for Brain tumors
Major goals may include compensating for self-care deficits, improving nutrition, reducing anxiety, enhanced family coping skills, and absence of complications.
Nursing Intervention of Brain Tumors
-Encourage independence for as long as possible
-Measures to improve cognitive function
-Allow patient to participate in decision making
-Allow patient to express fears and concerns
-Presence of family, friends, spiritual advisor, and health care personnel may be supportive
-Referral to counselor, social worker, home health care, support groups
-Referral for hospice care
Improving Nutrition in brain tumors
-Oral hygiene before meals
-Plan meals for times when patient is comfortable and well rested
-Measures to make mealtime as pleasant as possible
-Offer preferred foods
-Dietary supplements
-Daily weight
-Record dietary intake