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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 functions of blood? |
Transportation
Regulation Protection |
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What's in plasma?
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91.5% Water
7% Proteins - Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Others 1.5% - Other solutes - Electrolytes, Nutrients, Gases, Waste |
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What are the plasma proteins?
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Albumin--58%
Globulins--38% Fibrinogen--4% |
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What is albumin?
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A plasma protein
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What does fibrinogen do?
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plasma protein, converted by Thrombin into insoluble fibrin, which forms the threads of a clot.
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Describe RBC's and their main purpose.
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RBC's are 99% of formed elements
no nucleus contains hemoglobin Transports Oxygen and CO2 |
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Describe WBC's and their main purpose.
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- Leukocyte cells have nucleus,
- phagocytize - promote and reduce inflammation - antibodies and immunity |
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What is a basophil and what does it do?
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granulocyte (WBC)
releases histamine (promotes inflammation) releases heparin (prevents clot formation) |
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Describe how O2 is carried?
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98% carried by RBC / hemoglobin
Attaches to the iron (Fe) in the heme of hemoglobin. |
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Describe how CO2 is carried?
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Combines with amino acids in globin of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin transports 13% of CO2.
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How does hemoglobin utilize Fe?
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Each O2 molecule is associated with a Fe atom of a heme
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What stimulates the production of RBC's?
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low blood levels of O2 - hypoxia
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When low levels of O2 are detected in the blood what happens?
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kidneys release erythropoietin which stimulates the red bone marrow to produce more RBC's
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How long do RBC's stay in circulation?
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120 days
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What happens when a RBC degenerates and ruptures?
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macrophages take up hemoglobin and recycle the Fe and amino acids.
Heme turns into free bilirubin and is sent to the liver to become conjugated with bile. |
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Describe vascular spasm
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immediate (but temporary) constriction of a blood vessel from contraction of smooth muscle in wall of vessel
Activated by damage and release of chemicals: thromboxanes & endothelin |
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Define thrombus
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platelets encounter damaged or diseased areas on the walls of blood vessels or the heart and an attached clot forms
A dislodged thrombus is called an embolus |
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What is agglutination?
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An antigen-antibody response in incompatible blood transfusion. ..RBCs become cross linked to one another. Clumping of the RBCs and hemolysis.
Not the same as blood clotting. |
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What does it mean if you are Rh-positive?
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You have a certain Rh antigen (the D antigen) on surface of RBC's.
86ish% in US are Rh positive |
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How are Rh antibodies developed in an Rh (-) person?
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Exposure to Rh positive blood either in transfusion or in mother from fetus.
Once the Rh (-) person is exposed they develop antibodies against the Rh |
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What are leukopenia?
leukocytosis? Which one is usually present with leukemia? |
Leukopenia - lower than normal WBC count
Leukocytosis - higher than normal WBC count leukocytosis is present usually in leukemia |
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What is Bilirubin?
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non-iron portion of heme. Discarded to liver as a yellow orange pigment.
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What is emigration?
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WBCs are able to cross capillary walls by squeezing between endothelial cells.
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