Cardiovascular System- Medical, Surgical, And Diagnostic Procedures

Front 1

defibrillation

Back 1

Electrical shock delivered randomly during the cardiac cycle to treat emergency life-threatening
arrhythmias

Front 2

cardioversion

Back 2

Defibrillation technique using low energy shocks to treat an arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or ventricular tachycardia), and is usually synchronized with the large R waves of the ECG complex

Front 3

sclerotherapy

Back 3

Injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein

Front 4

thrombolysis

Back 4

Destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot-busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator

Front 5

angioplasty

Back 5

Any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores forward blood flow

Front 6

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Back 6

Angioplasty of the coronary arteries in which a balloon catheter is inserted through the skin into the right femoral artery and threaded to the site of the stenosis to enlarge the lumen of the artery and restore forward blood flow

Front 7

biopsy

Back 7

Removal of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes

Front 8

arterial biopsy

Back 8

Removal of a segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammation of the wall or arteries, a type of vasculitis

Front 9

catheter ablation

Back 9

Treatment for cardiac arrhythmias; usually performed under fluoroscopic guidance

Front 10

commissurotomy

Back 10

Surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their points if contact (commissures)

Front 11

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Back 11

Placement of a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle

Front 12

embolectomy

Back 12

Removal of an embolus

Front 13

endarterectomy

Back 13

Removal of fatty plaque from the interior of an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device

Front 14

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) insertion

Back 14

Implantation of a battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart in patients who are at risk of sudden cardiac death; also called implatable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

Front 15

laser ablation

Back 15

Procedure used to remove or treat varicose vein

Front 16

open heart surgery

Back 16

Surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine

Front 17

stent placement (STENT)

Back 17

Placement of a mesh tube inserted into a natural passage or conduit in the body to prevent or counteract a disease-induced, localized flow constriction

Front 18

valvotomy

Back 18

Incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis

Front 19

cardiac catheterization (CC)

Back 19

Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart

Front 20

electrophysiology study (EPS)

Back 20

Procedure used to determine the cause of life-threatening arrhythmias by mapping the heart's conduction system in a patient with an arrhythmia

Front 21

electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)

Back 21

Procedure that graphically records the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs

Front 22

Holter monitor test

Back 22

ECG taken with a small, portable recording system capable of storing up to 48 hours of ECG tracing; also called event monitor test

Front 23

stress test

Back 23

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (bicycle or treadmill)

Front 24

cardiac enzyme studies

Back 24

Blood that measures the presence and amount of cardiac enzymes in the blood, including troponin T, troponin I, and kinase (CK-MB)

Front 25

lipid panel

Back 25

Series of blood test (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemia heart disease

Front 26

angiography

Back 26

Radiographic image (angiogram) of the inside of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium; also called arteriography

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aortography

Back 27

Angiography of the aorta and its branches after injection of a contrast medium

Front 28

coronary angiography

Back 28

Angiography that is used to determine the degree of stenosis or obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart

Front 29

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 29

Noninvasive technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues

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cardiac MRI

Back 30

specialized MRI that provides information on both static and moving images of the heart, including blood flow and velocity

Front 31

magnetic resonance imaging (MRA)

Back 31

Type of MRI scan that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to provide detailed images of blood vessels

Front 32

multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) scan

Back 32

Nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to detect how well the heart walls move as they contract and calculate the ejection fraction rate (amount of blood the ventricle can pump out in one contraction)

Front 33

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Back 33

MUGA scan of the heart in which the gamma camera moves in a circle around the patient to create individual images as "slices" of the heart (tomography)

Front 34

nuclear profusion study

Back 34

Test used in conjunction with a stress test to detect the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) that causing partial obstruction of the coronary arteries; also called thallium scan or cardiolite scat

Front 35

ultrasonography (US)

Back 35

High-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo

Front 36

Doppler

Back 36

Ultrasonography used to assess blood flow through blood vessels and the heart

Front 37

echocardiography (ECHO)

Back 37

Ultrasonography that is used to visualize internal cardiac structures, produce images of the heart, and assess output

Front 38

venography

Back 38

Radiography od a vein after injecting of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein, indicating and obstruction