Cardiovascular System Lecture 8- When The Heart Goes Bad

Front 1

volume overload such as leaking valves, mitral/tricuspid stenosis, systolic failure and volume overload lead to

Back 1

eccentric hypertrophy

Front 2

pressure overload such as pulmonic/aortic stenosis, systemic hypertension, diastolic failure leads to

Back 2

concentric hypertrophy

Front 3

eccentric hypertrophy

Back 3

occurs in response to elevated ventricular end diastolic pressures
ventricular dilation occurs as a new sacromeres are added in series to existing sacromeres
increases ventricular compliance
diatled ventricle has a high wall stress elevated oxygen demand and lower mechanical efficiency

Front 4

concentric hypertrophy

Back 4

occurs to chronic pressure overload
ventricular chamber radius does not change but the wall thickness generally increases as new sacromeres are added in parallel to existing ones
capable of generating greater forces and higher pressures while the increased wall thickness maintains normal wall stress
this type of ventricle becomes stiff which can impair filling and lead to dyastolic dysfunction

Front 5

leaking valves- aquired

Back 5

most common cause of cardiac disease / dysfunction
degenerative valve disease (endocardiosis)
endocarditis
eccentric hypertrophy

Front 6

endocarditis

Back 6

infection of valve
more common in arotic valve
rare disease

Front 7

leaking valves- congenital

Back 7

mitral valve dysplasia
tricupsid valve dysplasia (common in labs and boxers)
arotic insufficiency
eccentric hypertrophy

Front 8

congestive heart failure
R side- fluid
L sife- fluid

Back 8

around lungs
in lungs

Front 9

stenotic valves- aquired

Back 9

endocarditis
rare

Front 10

stenotic valves congential

Back 10

more common
arotic stenosis- boxer and golden retriver
pulmonic stenosis- retreiver and mastiff
concentric hypertrophy occurs
mitral dysplasia- rare
tricuspid dysplasia-rare

Front 11

systolic dysfunction

Back 11

dilated cardiomyopathy- more common, left ventricle affected
tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy- less common

Front 12

diastolic dysfunction

Back 12

more common in felines
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
secondary ventricular hypertrophy
systemic hypertension
hyperthyroidsim
restrictive cardiomyopathy

Front 13

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Back 13

eccentric hypertrophy of L side ( ventricle)

Front 14

patent ductus arteriosis (PDA)

Back 14

eccentric hypertrophy of L side (ventricle)
50% die in first year of age if not closed

Front 15

tachycardia and brachycardia

Back 15

both decrease cardiac output
tachycardia reduces stroke volume
brachycardia reduces heart rate