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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Divisions of the heart (caudal---> cranial)
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1.Sinus Venosus (right atrium)
2.Atrium (left and right atria) 3. AV valves 4.Ventricle (left ventricle) 5.Bulbus cordis 6. Truncus Arteriosus |
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Primordial veins
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vitelline veins- from yolk sac
umbilical veins-from chorion common, anterior, and posterior cardinal veins from body |
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Vitelline veins
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1. plexus around developing duodenum
- hepatic portal vein 2.plexus in septum transversum invested by developing liver cords - hepatic sinusoids and hepatic veins -hepatic portion of inferior vena cava from right vitelline |
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Umbilical veins
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1. right vein regresses
2.left vein persists as umbilical vein-carries all oxygenated blood from placenta to embryo. 3. Ductus venosus-shunt in liver- carries blood from umbilical vein to inferior vena cava bypassing the liver. |
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shunt shifts most blood to right anterior cardinal- becomes:
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left BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN
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Right anterior cardinal and common cardial form:
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Superior vena cava
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cardinal veins
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1.anterior cardinals
2.posterior cardinals 3.supracardinal veins 4. subcardinal veins |
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posterior cardinals
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1.mostly regress
2. form root of azygos vein and common iliac veins 3.replaced by supracardinals and subcardinals |
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supracardinal veins
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drain body wall via intercostal veins
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subcardinal veins
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drain developing kidneys
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inferior vena cava-four segments
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1.hepatic segment-from hepatic vein(right vitelline)
2.prerenal segment-right subcardial 3.renal segment-subcardinal and supracardinal anastomoses 4.postrenal-from right supracardinal veins |
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Fetal Circulation
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1.Highly oxygenated, nutrient rich blood carried by umbilical vein
2.Largely bypass lungs and liver 3.Liver bypass 4.Lung bypass 5.Transitional changes at birth |
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Liver bypass of fetal blood circulation is done by the:
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Ductus Venosus- connects umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava.
*Physiological sphincter regulates flow |
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Lung bypass of fetal blood circulation is done by the:
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1. blood from inferior vena cava is directed through FORAMEN OVALE into left atrium.
-crista dividens -provides highly oxygenated blood for distribution to head, neck, heart, and upper extremities 2. blood from right ventricle to pulmonary trunk -part to lungs (10%) -most through ductus arteriosus to descending aorta. |
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Transitional changes at birth:
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1. pressure changes
2. closure of foramen ovale 3.ductus arteriosus-functionally closes by 2-3 days, anatomic closure by 4 months |
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Adult derivatives of fetal structures:
Umbilical vein-______ Ductus venosus-_____ Umbilical arteries-_____ Foramen ovale-______ Ductus arteriosus-______ |
umbilical vein- ligamentum teres hepatis; from umbilicus to portal vein in liver
ductus venosus- ligamentum venosum; within liver between portal vein and inferior vena cava umbilical arteries- medial umbilical ligament and superior vesical arteries(bladder) foramen ovale-fossa ovalis -functional at birth -anatomic closure by 3 months ductus arteriosus- ligamentum arteriosum by 12 weeks |
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Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
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1. may be associated with rubella infection during first trimester
2.may be present in premature infants 3. respiratory distress syndrome can contribute |
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Circulatory system
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RBC's carry O2 and CO2
-nutrients -waste products -hormones Protection-WBC's, immune cells, antibodies Major components-Blood, Blood vessels, Heart |
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The heart
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apex is located between 5th and 6th ICS.
Mediastinum- median portion of the thoracic cavity, contains all thoracic viscera except the lungs. |
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Pericardium
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Fibrosus pericardium
Serous pericardium Parietal serous pericardium Visceral serous pericardium-epicardium pericardial cavity |
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Heart wall
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epicardium
myocardium endocardium |
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Heart Chambers and valves
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4 chambers, 2 upper aria, 2 lower ventricles
interatrial septum interventricular septum atrial walls and much thinner than ventricular walls atrioventricular valves-right and left semilunar valves-aortic and pulmonary |
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Circulation of blood through the heart:
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Blood from the body returns to right atrium via Vena Cava, then past the:
1. right AV valve 2.right ventricle 3.semilumar valve 4.pulmonary trunk to lungs 5. blood returns in pulmonary veins 6.left atrium, past left AV valve 7.left ventricle, past semilunar valve, 8.in to aorta-delivered to body. |
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Vessels entering the right atrium:
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superior vena cava
inferior vena cava coronary sinus Pectinate muscles fossa ovale |
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Right ventricle:
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right AV valve- tricuspid valve
Chordae tendineae Papillary muscles Trabeculae carneae Conus arteriosus Pulmonary valve-pulmonary semilunar valve Pulmonary trunk |
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Left Atrium
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Pulmonary veins-4
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Left Ventricle
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Left AV valve- bicuspid valve, mitral valve
Aortic valve-aortic semilunar valve Aorta |
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Conduction System of the Heart:
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Sinoatrial node-SA node- internodal fibers-carry impulses down to the ventricles
AV node Atrioventricular Bundle-Bundle of His Conduction Myofibers-Purkinje Fibers Systole-contraction of the heart, especially the ventricles Diastole- postsystolic dilation of the heart, in which the chambers fill with blood. |
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Heart Sounds
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First heart sound- Lub - closing of the AV valves, during ventricular systole
second heart sound- Dub - closing of the semilunar valves, during ventricular diastole. |
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Right coronary artery:
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Right marginal artery
Posterior Interventricular artery |
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Left coronary artery:
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Anterior Interventricular artery
Circumflex artery |
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Coronary Veins
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Great Cardiac Vein
Middle cardiac vein coronary sinus |
