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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the layers of the wall of the heart?
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Epicardium
Myocardium Endocardium |
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Epicardium
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Corresponds to the visceral pericardium
Provides protection Membrane of epithelial and connective tissues |
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Myocardium
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Cardiac Muscle
Contracts to pump blood |
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Endocardium
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Innermost layer
Contains Purkinje fibers Protective lining of the heart's valves and chambers |
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Chambers of the Heart
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2 upper chambers - atria
2 lower chambers - ventricles |
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Right Atrium
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Receives blood from inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, and coronary sinus
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Left Atrium
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Receives blood from pulmonary veins
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Right Ventricle
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Receives blood from right atrium
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Left Ventricle
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Receives blood from left atrium
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Valves of the heart
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Tricuspid Valve
Biscuspid (Mitral) Valve Pulmonary Valve Aortic Valve |
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Tricuspid Valve
Characteristics and Function |
Right Atrium Valve
Prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium |
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Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
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Left Atrium Valve
Prevent blood from flowing back into the left atrium |
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Pulmonary Valve
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Semilunar valve
Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk Prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle |
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Aortic Valve
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Semilunar Valve
Between left ventricle and aorta Prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle. |
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Pathway of Blood through the Heart
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Blood from systemic circuit -Venae Cavae - Right Atrium - Tricuspid Valve - Right Ventricle - Pulmonary Valve - Pulmonary Trunk - Pulmonary Arteries - Alveolar Capillaries (lungs) - Pulmonary veins - Left Atrium - Mitral Valve - Left Ventricle - Aortic Valve - Aorta
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Systole
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Phase of the cardiac cycle when a heart chamber wall contracts
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Diastole
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Phase of the cardiac cycle when a heart chamber wall relaxes
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Arteries
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Carry blood AWAY from the heart
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Veins
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Carry blood TO the heart
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Capillaries
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Where gas exchanges take place
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What is considered the natural pacemaker?
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SA Node
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Cardiac Output
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The volume of blood per minute that the heart pumps
(multiply stroke volume by the heart rate in beats per minute) |
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Stroke Volume
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Volume of blood the ventricle discharges w/ each heartbeat
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Electrocardiogram
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Recording of electrical changes that occur in the myocardium
Used to assess heart's ability to conduct impulses |
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EKG - P Wave
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Atrial Depolarization
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EKG - QRS Wave
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Ventricular Depolarization
* A prolonged QRS complex may result from damage to the A-V bundle fibers |
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EKG - T Wave
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Ventricular Repolarization
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The P-Q Interval
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Indicates how long it takes a cardiac impulse to travel from the S-A node through the A-V node
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Frank Starling Law of the Heart
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States that the greater the volume of blood entering the heart during diastole,
The greater the volume of blood ejected during systolic contraction (stroke volume) and vica-versa |
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Factors that influence blood pressure
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Heart action
Blood volume Peripheral resistance Viscosity |
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Pulmonary Circuit
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*Consists of vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
*Right atrium>right ventricle>pulmonary trunk>pulmonary arteries>lungs>pulmonary veins>heart(left atrium) |
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Systemic Circuit
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*Composed of vessles that lead from heart to all body parts (except lungs) and back to heart
*Delivers nutrients & oxygen to the body cells Left atrium>left ventricle>aorta>arteries>arterioles>capillaries>venules>veins>vena cava>heart (right atrium) |
