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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 components of the cardiovascular system |
1. blood 2. heart 3. blood vessels |
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Definition : Blood |
liquid connective tissue consisting of cells surrounded by extracellular matrix |
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interstitial fluid |
bathes body cells and renewed constantly by blood |
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3 functions of blood |
1. transportation -> transport O2, CO2, nutrients & waste 2. regulation -> pH, temp, water contents of cell 3. protection ->clots -> protect from invaders via phagocytosis |
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Name some physical characteristics of blood |
- slightly alkaline 7.35-7.4 pH - temp. 38 celcius - 8% body mass - 4-6 liters (less in females) -color differs depending on O2 content |
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What are the 2 components of blood? |
blood plasma (55%) formed elements (45%) |
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What is blood plasma? |
- watery liquid extracellular matrix with dissolved solutes. The solutes include: proteins, nutrients, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes and waste. -ex. plasma proteins are albumins, globulins and fibrinogen |
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What are formed elements? |
RBC's (erythrocytes), WBC's (leukocytes) & platelets |
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Platelets |
fragments of cells with no nucleus that help with blood clotting |
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Hematocrit and use an example |
% total blood volume of RBC's, normal range for females 38-46% and males 40-54%. -> bc males testosterone makes more RBC's and women loose RBC's during menstruation |
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anemia |
lower than normal # RBC's |
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polycythemia |
% RBC's abnormally high, hemacrit of 65% or higher -> causes: increased RBC production, dehydration, tissue hypoxia and blood doping |
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hemopoiesis |
blood cell production |
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Where do all blood lines come from? |
Hematocytoblasts |
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Where are formed elements of blood made? |
Red bone marrow |
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red bone marrow |
vascularized connective tissue in microscopic spaces between trabeculae of spongy bone tissue |
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What are hemopoietic growth factors and give three examples |
A group of hormone like substances that help promote blood cell growth and proliferation. Ex - erythropoietin (EPO) - increases the # RBC - thrombopoietin (TPO) - stimulates formation of platelets - cytokines - activate red bone marrow & phagocytosis |
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What won't RBC use oxygen to make there own energy? |
They don't have a mitchondria |
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What does oxygen bind to on RBC? |
binds to iron in the centre of the heme which is a ring-like nonprotein |
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What does RBC do? |
- transport O2 & CO2 - regulate blood flow and blood pressure |
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What are the 5 different types of WBC |
Granular Leukocytes (with vesicles): Neutrophils, Eosinophil, basophil Agranular leukocytes (without): Lymphocyte, monocyte |
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Which WBC's are phagocytic? |
Neutrophils, Monocytes and Eosinophils |
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What does the complete blood count include? |
RBC's WBC's, platelets, hemoglobin & hermatocrit -> this tests for anemia and infections |
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Hemostasis |
Sequence of responses that stop bleeding |
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3 steps for hemostasis |
1. vascular spasm 2. platelet plug formation 3. blood clotting (coagulation) |
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Fibrinolysis |
dissolution of a clot |
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What attracts phagocytes to microbes? |
chemotaxis- the chemicals released from microbes |
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thrombosis |
clotting in unbroken blood vessel... thrombus = clot |
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embolus |
blood clot, air bubble, fat, debris carried by blood stream |
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How are blood groups made? |
depend on presence or absence of antigens - based on two antigens A & B |
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agglutinins |
antibodies that react to the RBC's you lack |
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What blood type is the universal donor and recipient? |
Type O Type AB |
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Transfusion can sometimes lead to complications, such as agglutination and hemolysis, define both |
1. clumping in a incompatible blood transfusion, antibodies in recipients blood plans bind to antigens of donated 2. rupture of RBC & release hemoglobin into blood plasma |
