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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Covering of the heart
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1. Parietal Pericardium
-connective tissues protects and anchors heart to diaphragm and major vessels to heart 2. Visceral Pericardium -attached directly to heart |
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Layers of Heart Wall
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1. Epicardium: thin, firmly attached to heart
2. Myocardium: bulk of heart wall and layer that contracts 3. Endocardium: smooth white membrane forming innner wall and covers valves |
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Heart Chambers
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1. Two Atria
a. recieves blood b. push blood next door c. walls thin, little myocardium d. interior walls: pectin ate muscles e. right atrium: vena cava f. left atrium: pulmonary veins 2. Septum 3. Two Ventricles a. myocardium pushes blood out of heart b. right vent: pulmonary trunk c. left vent: aorta to rest of body |
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Heart Valves
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1. AV Valves
a. located between the atria and ventricles b. triangular faps or cusps c. tricuspid and bicuspid 2. SL Valves a. located between the ventricles and vessels b. 3 half moon shaped cusps c. operate in response to contract |
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Conduction Sequence
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1. SA node initiates an electrical signal
2. Signal spread through atrial walls causing them to contract and reached te AV node 3. Signal is delayed then conducted by the AV bundle and the Purkinje cells 4. Purkinje fibers conduct the signal through the walls of the ventricles, causing them to contract |
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Electrocardiogram
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measures the cardiac cycle
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Arteries/Veins
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-arteries carry blood away from heart
-veins carry blood to the the heart -the alternate expansion and recoiling of arteries causes a pressure wave called a pulse |
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Aorta
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-strongest artery in the body
-innermost layer of an arterial wall is formed by the enothelium -outside this is the middle layer which contains elastic fibers that stretch and return to its original shape -the elastic arterial walls strech with each wave of blood and recoil when the surge hs moved along resulting in the intermitten waves being dampened into a continous stream -80 ml of blood pound against the wall of the aorta |
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Capillaries
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-smallest vessels in body
-walls only one cell thick -location of exchanges of gases and nutrients |
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Pocket Valves
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-assist the return of blood to the heart against gravity by preventing the backflow of blood
-when skeletal muscles relax, blood fills the valves and closes them |
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Pulse
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rhythmatic expanding and recoiling of the arterial wall
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Blood Pressure
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-the primary force that pushes blood through arteries
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Pacemaker
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a device that sends out small electrical charges that stimulte the heart
-consists of a pulse generator, a lead, and an electrode that makes contact with a portion of the heart and delivers the charge to the heart |