Cardiovascular System

Front 1

ather/o

Back 1

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

Front 2

brachi/o, axill/o

Back 2

armpit

Front 3

sphygm/o

Back 3

pulse

Front 4

steth/o

Back 4

chest

Front 5

Diastole (relaxation)

Back 5

Ventricle walls relax; blood flows into the heart from the venae cavae and pulmonary veins. ‘dubb’
Closure of aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of diastole.

Front 6

Systole (contraction)

Back 6

Wall of the right and left ventricles contract to pump blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta. ‘lubb’
Closure of tricuspid and mitral valves at the beginning of systole)

Front 7

cyanotic

Back 7

pertaining to a blue or purple discoloration due to deoxygenated blood

Front 8

patent

Back 8

open or exposed

Front 9

precordial

Back 9

pertaining to the anterior left chest

Front 10

Bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)

Back 10

Conduction of impulses from SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
Partial to complete heart block

Front 11

Flutter

Back 11

Rapid, but regular contractions, usually in the atria
Is often symptomatic of heart disease

Front 12

Fibrillation

Back 12

Very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart (> 350 beats per min)

Front 13

Congenital Heart Disease
Septal defects

Back 13

Small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles
Some close spontaneously; others require open heart surgery to close the hole or a less invasive technique

Front 14

Acute Coronary Syndromes

Back 14

Chest pain and other signs and symptoms associated with cardiac ischemia
Unstable angina
Myocardial infarction

Front 15

angina pectoris

Back 15

chest pain or pressure resulting from lack of blood flow to the myocardium

Front 16

cardiac tamponade

Back 16

compression of the heart due to an increase of fluid in the pericardium

Front 17

coarctation of the aorta

Back 17

narrowing of the aorta causing hypertension, ventricular strain, and ischemia

Front 18

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Back 18

inefficiency of cardiac circulation causing edema and pulmonary congestion

Front 19

coronary artery disease (CAD)

Back 19

narrowing of coronary arteries causing a decrease of blood flow or ischemia to the myocardium

Front 20

embolus

Back 20

vascular blockage made up of a thrombus, bacteria, air, plaque, and/or other foreign material

Front 21

peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

Back 21

any disorder of the arteries outside of, or peripheral to, the heart

Front 22

Raynaud disease, Raynaud syndrome

Back 22

cyanosis of the fingers or toes due to vascular constriction, usually caused by cold temperatures or emotional stress

Front 23

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD)

Back 23

valvular disease resulting from rheumatic fever

Front 24

Aneurysm

Back 24

Widening of an arterial wall
Usually caused by atherosclerosis and hypertension or congenital weakness in vessel wall
Common in aorta

Front 25

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Back 25

Blood clot forms in large vein
Usually in lower leg
Results in pulmonary embolism if not treated

Front 26

cardiac enzyme tests

Back 26

blood tests used to measure the cardiac enzyme levels; when such levels are increased, may indicate a myocardial infarction

Front 27

cardiac troponin

Back 27

blood test used to measure the level of a protein that is released in the blood when myocardial cells die

Front 28

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Back 28

blood test used to measure the level of inflammation in the body; may indicate conditions that lead to cardiovascular disease

Front 29

electrolyte panel

Back 29

blood test used to measure the level of sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide; used to diagnose an acid-base or pH imbalance that may cause arrhythmias, muscle damage, or death

Front 30

lipid panel, lipid profile

Back 30

blood test to measure the level of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides, all of which may signal an increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Front 31

arteriography

Back 31

process of recording an artery after injection of a dye

Front 32

coronary angiography, cardiac catheterization

Back 32

process of recording the heart and major vessels after injection of a dye

Front 33

doppler sonography (DS)

Back 33

technique using sound waves to record velocity of blood flow

Front 34

echocardiography

Back 34

process of recording the structure and function of the heart at rest and with exercise

Front 35

vascular sonography

Back 35

placement of the ultrasound transducer at the tip of a catheter within a blood vessel to assess blood flow

Front 36

Holter monitoring

Back 36

portable ECG device is worn for 24 hours to detect cardiac arrhythmias

Front 37

Stress Test

Back 37

Exercise tolerance test to detect heart’s reaction to physical exertion
Monitor vital signs and ECG rhythms

Front 38

Cardioversion (defibrillation)

Back 38

Use of electricity to stop arrhythmias

Front 39

Endarterectomy

Back 39

Surgical removal of plaque from artery

Front 40

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Back 40

Arteries or veins from elsewhere in the patient's body are grafted to the coronary arteries to bypass atherosclerotic narrowings and improve the blood supply to the coronary circulation supplying the myocardium.

Front 41

Extracorporeal circulation

Back 41

Blood circulates through heart-lung machine while heart is being repaired

Front 42

Stent

Back 42

intravascular insertion of a hollow mesh tube designed to keep a vessel open or patent

Front 43

Mitral valve prosthesis

Back 43

valve replacement - surgical replacement of a valve with a biologic or mechanical device