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155 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood returns to the sinus venosus by which 3 veins?
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Umbilical, cardinal, vitelline
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Blood returns to the ______ _______ by the vitelline, cardinal and umbilical vein
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sinus venosus
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cardinal veins return blood from the ________
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embryo
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vitelline veins return blood from the ________
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umbilical vessicle
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Umbilical veins return blood from the _______
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placenta
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From the dorsal aorta, blood flows by what 3 arteries?
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intersegmental. umbilical, vitelline
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From the dorsal aorta, blood flows to the _______ by intersegmental arteries
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embryo
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From the dorsal aorta, blood flows to the _______ by umbilical arteries
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placenta
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From the dorsal aorta, blood flows to the _______ by vitelline arteries
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umbilical vesicle
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pathway of blood from the sinus venosus to the dorsal aorta
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sinus venosus > atrium > ventricle > bulbus cordis > truncus arteriosus > aortic sac > aortic arches > dorsal aorta
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Partitioning of the heart begins in the ____ week and is completed by the ____ week
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4 + 8
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Partitioning processes occur ________
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simultaneously
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Division of the atrioventricular (AV) canal separates the __________ from the ___________ and the ________ side from the __________ side of the heart
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arium__ventricle ___left _______ right
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Division of the ________ __________ separates the atria from the ventricles and the left side from the right side of the heart
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atrioventricular canal
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Endocardial cushions form on the ________ and __________ walls
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dorsal and ventral walls
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endocardial cushions grow and fuse which divides the _______ _________ into _______ and _________ __________ __________
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atrioventricular canal ___ left ___ right ____ AV canals
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__________ ______________ grow and fuse which divides the atrioventricular canal into left and right AV canals
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endocardial cushions
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After inductive signals from the __________ of the _________ ________ a segment of the inner endocardial cells undergo epithelial mesenchymal transformation which then invades the extracellular matric
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myocardium ____ atrioventricular canal
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After inductive signals from the myocardium of the atrioventricular canal - a segment of the ______ _________ _______ undergo __________ __________ _________ which then invades the _____ __________
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inner endocardinal cells ___ epithelial mesenchymal transformation ____ extracellular matrix
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TGF-1, TGF-2 , BMP - 2A, BMP-4, slug and ChALK2 have been reported to be involved in the _________ _________ ____________ and the formation of the ___________ _____________
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epithelial mesenchymal transformation ___ endocardial cushions
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You need to divide the ptimitive atrium into the _______ _________and the _______ ________
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right atrium and left atrium
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The division of the primitive atrium occurs via the formation of ___ ________
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2 septa
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The division of the primitive atrium occurs via the formation of what 2 septa?
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septum primum and septum secundum
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Septum primum grows _______ from the _______ of the primitive atrium
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down ___ roof
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what septum grows down from the roof of the primitive atrium?
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septum primum
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Opening between the bottom of the _________ ____________ and the ______ _________ is the foramen primum
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septum primum and the endocardial cushions
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Opening between the bottom of the septum primum and the endocardial cushions is the ______ __________
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foramen primum
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foramen primum disappears as the __________ _________ fuses with the _______ _________
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septum primum ___ endocardial cushions
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_________ __________ disappears as the septum primum fuses with the endocardial cushions
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foramen primum
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_________ appear in the upper part of the _______ _____________ and join to form the foramen secundum
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perforations ___ septum primum
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perforations appear in the upper part of the septum primum and join to form the ______ ___________
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foramen secundum
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Septum secundum grows ________ from the ______ to the right of the ________ _________
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downward ___ roof ___ septum primum
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_______ _________ grows downward from the roof to the right of the septum primum
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septum secundum
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septum secundum does not fuse with the _______ _________ but leaves an oval opening called the _______ __________
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endocardial cushions ____ foramen ovale
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_________ _________ does not fuse with the endocardial cushions but leaves an oval opening called ________ _________
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septum secundum ___ foramen ovale
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You need to divide the primitive ventricle into _________ _______ and ________ __________
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left ventricle and right ventricle
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a ________ ___________ grows upward from the floor the __________ to form the ___________ ________________
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muscular ridge ___ ventricle _______ interventricle septum
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a muscular ridge grows __________ from the ___________ of the ventricle to form the ___________ ____________
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upward ___ floor ___ interventricular septum
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the ___________ _______ stops short of the endocardial cushions leave the ___________ __________
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interventricular septum ___ interventricular foramen
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the intrerventricular septum stops short of the ________ ___________ and leaves the __________ ____________
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endocardial cushions ___ interventricular foramen
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By the end of the ______ week, the membrane grows downward to complete the ______ ________
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7th ____ interventricular spetum
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By the end of the 7th week, the membrane grows __________ to complete the interventricular septum
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downward
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Closure of the IV foramen and the formation of the _______________ part of the IV septum result from the _________ of ________ from 3 sources
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membranous __ fusion __ tissues
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Closure of the _______ __________ and the formation of the membraneous part of the ________ _________ result from the fussion of tissues from 3 sources
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IV foramen ___ IV septum
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Closure of the IV foramen and formation of the membraneous part of the IV septum result in the fusion of tissues from what 3 sources?
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right bulbar ridge, left bulbar ridge + endocardial cushion
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After closure of the IV foramen and the formation of the membraneous part of the IV septum, the __________ ________ is in communication with the right __________ and the ____________ communicates with the left ___________
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pulmonary trunk ___ ventricle ____ aorta ___ ventricle
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Initially, the _______ ______ has left and right horns that open into the _______ |
Sinus venosus , atrium |
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Initially, the sinus venosus has left and right _____ that open into the atrium |
Horns |
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________ moves to the right and opens into the right atrium |
Orifice |
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R horn increases and left horn ________ |
Decreases |
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Right horn of the sinus venosus is incorporated into the ______ of the _______ _________ |
Wall. Right atrium |
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_______ horn of the sinus venosus is incorporated into the wall of the right atrium |
Right |
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Left horn of the sinus venosus becomes the ________ ________ |
Coronary sinus |
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______ horn of the sinus venosus becomes the coronary sinus |
Left |
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Most of the wall of the left atrium is ________ because it is formed by the ________ ________ _________ |
Smooth. Primordial pulmonary vein |
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The aorticopulmonary septum divides the _____ _______ and the ______ ________ into 2 channels. |
Bulbous cordis. Truncus arteriosus. |
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The _________ ___________ divides the bulbs cordis and the truncus arteriosus into 2 channels. |
Aorticopulmonary septum |
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The aorticopulmonary septum divides the bulbus cordis and the truncus aorteriosus into ________ ________ from ______ _______ and _______ from ______ _________ |
Pulmonary trunk from right ventricle. Aorta from left ventricle. |
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Most of the wall of the ________ ________ is smooth because it is formed by the _______ _________ ________ |
Left atrium. Primordial pulmonary vein |
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As the atrium expands, the ______ ________ _________ and its main branches are incorporated into the wall of the left _______ and as a result 4 _________ _______ are formed. |
Primordial pulmonary vein. Atrium. Pulmonary veins |
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As the _______ expands, the primordial pulmonary vein and its main branches are incorporated into the ______ ______ wall and as a result _____ pulmonary veins are formed. |
Atrium. Left atrium. 4 |
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Muscular bulbar and truncal ridges form and fuse to form the __________ __________ |
Aorticopulmonary septum |
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________ __________ and _________ __________ form and fuse to form the aorticopulmonary septum |
Muscular bulbar. Truncal ridges |
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The bulbar and truncal ridges are derived from ______ _________ __________ |
Neural crest mesenchyme |
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The ________ and _________ ridges are derived from neural crest mesenchyme |
Bulbar and truncal |
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Neural crest cells migrate through the ______ _______ and the _____ _______ to reach the ridges |
Primordial pharynx and pharyngeal arches |
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________ _________ _________ migrate through the primordial pharynx and the pharyngeal arches to reach the ridges |
Neural crest cells |
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The bulbus cordis is incorporated into the walls of the ___________ |
Ventricles |
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The bulbus cordis is incorporated into the walls of the ___________ |
Ventricles |
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The _________ _________ is incorporated into the walls of the ventricles |
Bulbus cordis |
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The bulbus cordis is incorporated into the walls of the ___________ |
Ventricles |
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The _________ _________ is incorporated into the walls of the ventricles |
Bulbus cordis |
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In the right ventricle, the bulbus cordis is represented by the _________ ________ which gives origin to the pulmonary trunk |
Conus arteriosus |
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The bulbus cordis is incorporated into the walls of the ___________ |
Ventricles |
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The _________ _________ is incorporated into the walls of the ventricles |
Bulbus cordis |
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In the right ventricle, the bulbus cordis is represented by the _________ ________ which gives origin to the pulmonary trunk |
Conus arteriosus |
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In the ________ _______ the bulbus cordis is represented by the conus arteriosus which gives origin to the _______ _______ |
Right ventricle. Pulmonary trunk |
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The bulbus cordis is incorporated into the walls of the ___________ |
Ventricles |
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The _________ _________ is incorporated into the walls of the ventricles |
Bulbus cordis |
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In the right ventricle, the bulbus cordis is represented by the _________ ________ which gives origin to the pulmonary trunk |
Conus arteriosus |
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In the ________ _______ the bulbus cordis is represented by the conus arteriosus which gives origin to the _______ _______ |
Right ventricle. Pulmonary trunk |
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Another name for the conus arteriosus? |
Infundibulum |
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The bulbus cordis is incorporated into the walls of the ___________ |
Ventricles |
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The _________ _________ is incorporated into the walls of the ventricles |
Bulbus cordis |
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In the right ventricle, the bulbus cordis is represented by the _________ ________ which gives origin to the pulmonary trunk |
Conus arteriosus |
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In the ________ _______ the bulbus cordis is represented by the conus arteriosus which gives origin to the _______ _______ |
Right ventricle. Pulmonary trunk |
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Another name for the conus arteriosus? |
Infundibulum |
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In the ________ _______ the _______ _________ forms the walls of the aortic vestibule |
Left ventricle. Bulbus cordis |
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The bulbus cordis is incorporated into the walls of the ___________ |
Ventricles |
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The _________ _________ is incorporated into the walls of the ventricles |
Bulbus cordis |
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In the right ventricle, the bulbus cordis is represented by the _________ ________ which gives origin to the pulmonary trunk |
Conus arteriosus |
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In the ________ _______ the bulbus cordis is represented by the conus arteriosus which gives origin to the _______ _______ |
Right ventricle. Pulmonary trunk |
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Another name for the conus arteriosus? |
Infundibulum |
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In the ________ _______ the _______ _________ forms the walls of the aortic vestibule |
Left ventricle. Bulbus cordis |
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In the left ventricle, the bulbus cordis forms the walls of the _______ ________ |
Aortic vestibule |
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The aortic vestibule is part of the ventricular cavity just inferior to the _______ _______ |
Aortic valve |
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The aortic vestibule is part of the ventricular cavity just inferior to the _______ _______ |
Aortic valve |
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The _______ _______ is part of the ventricular cavity just inferior to the ______ _______ |
Aortic vestibule. Aortic valve |
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What % of abnormalities occur in live births and still births? |
0.7 % live and 2.7% still |
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What % of abnormalities occur in live births and still births? |
0.7 % live and 2.7% still |
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What is the most common congenital heart defect ? |
Ventricular septal defects |
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Atrial septum defects results from excessive __________ of the _________ _________ and/or defects in the ________ _________ |
Reabsorption. Septum primum. Septum secundum |
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Atrial septum defects results from excessive __________ of the _________ _________ and/or defects in the ________ _________ |
Reabsorption. Septum primum. Septum secundum |
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Ventricular septal defects usually involve the ___________ part of the ________ ________ and result in a patent _______ ________ |
Membranous. Inventricular septum. Inventricular foramen |
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Atrial septum defects results from excessive __________ of the _________ _________ and/or defects in the ________ _________ |
Reabsorption. Septum primum. Septum secundum |
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Ventricular septal defects usually involve the ___________ part of the ________ ________ and result in a patent _______ ________ |
Membranous. Inventricular septum. Inventricular foramen |
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Transposition of the great arteries results when the __________ ________ doesn't _______ and the origin of the great arteries is reversed |
Aorticopulmonary septum. Spiral |
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______ occurs when there is defects in the septum primum and secundum |
Atrial septum defects |
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______ occurs when there is defects in the septum primum and secundum |
Atrial septum defects |
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_______ occur when there is defects in the IV foramen and septum |
Ventricular septum defects. |
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______ occurs when there is defects in the septum primum and secundum |
Atrial septum defects |
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_______ occur when there is defects in the IV foramen and septum |
Ventricular septum defects. |
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___________ of the ________ ________ results when the aorticopulmonary septum doesn't spiral |
Transposition of the great arteries |
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2 ways prenatal circulation differs from postnatal ? |
The lungs are non functional. The placenta is involved in gas exchange, nutrients and waste |
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2 ways prenatal circulation differs from postnatal ? |
The lungs are non functional. The placenta is involved in gas exchange, nutrients and waste |
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Blood returns to the fetus from the placenta via _______ ______ (___% O2 Saturated) |
Umbilical vein. 90% |
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Half of the blood goes through the _______ to the IVC and half goes through the ______ _______ to the IVC (___% O2 saturated) |
Liver. Ductus venosus. 67% |
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From the IVC, blood goes to the ______ ______ |
Right atrium |
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From the IVC, blood goes to the ______ ______ |
Right atrium |
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Blood from the right atrium goes to either through the ______ _______ into the left atrium (___% of volume) or to the ______ _______ and pulmonary circuit (__% volume) |
Foramen ovale. 90. Right ventricle. 10 |
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From the IVC, blood goes to the ______ ______ |
Right atrium |
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Blood from the right atrium goes to either through the ______ _______ into the left atrium (___% of volume) or to the ______ _______ and pulmonary circuit (__% volume) |
Foramen ovale. 90. Right ventricle. 10 |
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Blood from the right atrium goes through either the foramen ovale into the ______ _______ (____%) or to the right ventricle and _________ _______ (___%) |
Left atrium. 90. Pulmonary circuit. 10. |
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Blood the leaves the right ventricle into the ______ _______ can go directly into the ______ via the _______ _______ |
Right ventricle. Aorta. Ductus arteriosus |
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Blood that leaves the ______ ______ into the pulmonary trunk can go directly into the aorta via the ________ _______ |
Right ventricle. Ductus arteriosus |
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From the left ventricle, blood leaves the heart via the _________ (__% O2 saturation in the descending aorta) |
Aorta 58 |
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From the left ventricle, blood leaves the heart via the _________ (__% O2 saturation in the descending aorta) |
Aorta 58 |
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In the _______ ________, blood leaves the heart via the aorta. (___% O2 saturated in the descending aorta) |
Left ventricle. 58 |
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______ _____ arise from internal iliac arteries |
Umbilical arteries |
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______ _____ arise from internal iliac arteries |
Umbilical arteries |
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Umbilical arteries arise from _______ ______ _______ |
Internal iliac arteries |
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______ _____ arise from internal iliac arteries |
Umbilical arteries |
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Umbilical arteries arise from _______ ______ _______ |
Internal iliac arteries |
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At time of birth, you must replace _________ circulation with ________ circulation |
Placental. Pulmonary |
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______ _____ arise from internal iliac arteries |
Umbilical arteries |
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Umbilical arteries arise from _______ ______ _______ |
Internal iliac arteries |
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At time of birth, you must replace _________ circulation with ________ circulation |
Placental. Pulmonary |
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At birth, there is a decrease in pressure in the _______ ______ _______ and the _______ side of the heart |
IVC. Right |
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______ _____ arise from internal iliac arteries |
Umbilical arteries |
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Umbilical arteries arise from _______ ______ _______ |
Internal iliac arteries |
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At time of birth, you must replace _________ circulation with ________ circulation |
Placental. Pulmonary |
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At birth, there is a decrease in pressure in the _______ ______ _______ and the _______ side of the heart |
IVC. Right |
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2 reasons why there is a decrease in pressure in the IVC and the right side of the heart at birth. |
Loss of blood flow to placenta. Inflation of lungs decrease resistance |
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Why does the Pressure on the _______ side of the heart increase? |
Left. An increase in pulmonary flow. |
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Adult derivative of umbilical vein. |
Ligamentum teres |
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Adult derivative of umbilical vein. |
Ligamentum teres |
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Adult derivative of ductus venosus |
Ligamentum venosum |
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Adult derivative of umbilical vein. |
Ligamentum teres |
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Adult derivative of ductus venosus |
Ligamentum venosum |
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Adult derivative of umbilical arteries |
Medial umbilical ligaments and vesicular arteries |
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Adult derivative of umbilical vein. |
Ligamentum teres |
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Adult derivative of ductus venosus |
Ligamentum venosum |
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Adult derivative of umbilical arteries |
Medial umbilical ligaments and vesicular arteries |
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Adult derivative of foramen ovale |
Fossa oval is |
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Adult derivative of ductus arteriosus |
Ligamentum arteriosum |
