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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ventricular Dysrhythmias:
Ventricular tachycardia |
Rapid ventricular contractions
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Ventricular Dysrhythmias:
Ventricular fibrillation |
No regular or effective ventricular contractions
= death |
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Arteriosclerosis
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Disease producing narrowing of lumen, loss of elasticity, thickening of arterial wall
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Atherosclerosis
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Formation of fatty plaques in arteries, narrowing of vessels, and **weakening of vessel
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Atherosclerosis problems
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-Heart has to pump harder
-ischemia of heart and tissues -can lead to infarction |
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Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis
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-Increase in LDL
-monocyte attaches and moves through endothelium -monocyte consumes LDL -excess LDL becomes foam cells |
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Foam cells
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Foam cells can release growth factors to induce proliferation of smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix
= Plaque production |
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Endothelial Injury
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endothelial injury leads to primary and secondary hemostasis, which leads to a blood clot
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stable to unstable plaque = ?
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emboli / blood clot
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MAP = CO x TPR
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Mean Arterial Pressure = Cardiac Output x Total Peripheral Resistance
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Hypertension
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Sustained increased blood pressure
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Effects of hypertension
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-Heart works harder
-**Cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) and an increased oxygen (O2) demands of the heart |
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Pathology of Hypertension
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Atherosclerosis (plaque)
-Vessels are clogged and the heart has to pump harder to perfuse tissues with blood |
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Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
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-Stimulus for RAA is decreased renal (kidney) perfusion
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RAA causes:
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-increased cardiac input and **retention of water
-*Reabsorption of water and *vasoconstriction |
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Beta Blockers
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Decrease cardiac output
(blocks SNS stimulation, which increases cardiac output) |
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Calcium channel blockers
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decrease **resistance and cardiac output
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ACE Inhibitor
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decreases resistance and ***volume
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Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
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decrease resistance
(Blocks RAA, which increases cardiac input and vasoconstricts) |
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Diuretics
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Decrease volume
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Arteriosclerosis may lead to infarction/stroke/or brain aneurysm
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thrombis --> emboli --> heart attack/stroke
aneurysm of brain --> hemorrhage of brain |
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Ischemic Heart Disease
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Imbalance between supply and demand in the heart. Atherosclerosis is a factor.
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Symptoms of ischemic heart disease
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Chest pain, EKG Variances, Cardiac Enzymes
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Ischemic heart disease order
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Angina --> MI --> Chronic ischemic heart disease --> sudden cardiac death
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