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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which class if diuretics act on the distal convoluted tubules?
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thiazides
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what is the most commonly used thiazide?
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hydrochlorothiazide
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what class of diuretics are most commonly used?
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thiazides or thiazide-like
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what is the most commonly used thiazide-like drug?
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chlorthalidone
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how do thiazides or thiazide-like diuretics work?
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they impair Cl-/Na+ symport
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what is the difference in potency and duration of action between thiazides or thiazide-like diuretics?
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thiazide-like are more potent and work longer
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what drug class does amiloride belong to?
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potassium-sparing diuretics
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what class of drugs works by inhibiting Na+ influx in cortical collecting ducts?
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potassium-sparing diuretics
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what drug class does furosemide belong to?
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loop of henle diuretics
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what drug will be used to treat a hypertensive patient with chronic renal disease for volume/salt control, and what class does it belong to?
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furosemide, loop of henle diuretic
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what class of drugs increases Na+ excretion, K+ reabsorbtion, and H+ reabsorbtion by acting on Na+ channels in the collecting tubules by an antagonistic mechanism?
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aldosterone antagonists
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what are the two aldosterone antagonist agents?
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1. Spironolactone
2. Eplerenone |
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if a person has hyperaldosteronism they will most likely be trated with which drug?
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spironolactone
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which drug has an antagonistic relationship with aldosterone, but does not cause gynecomastia?
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eplerenon
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what are the 3 major effects that beta-blockers can have on hypertension?
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1. reduce cardiac output
2. inhibit renin release 3. block pressor response to catecholamines |
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what is cardioselective beta-blocker that is used in the treatment of HTN?
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atenolol - beta-1 antagonist
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the important non-selective beta blocker we have to know is?
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propranolol
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why will patients being treated with beta-blockers not be abruptly taken off treatment?
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can precipitate an MI
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describe the effects beta blocker hav on...
1. TG's 2. HDL 3. LDL 4. Cholesterol |
1. increase TG's
2. decreas HDL 3. ? 4. no change in cholesterol |
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You patient is 35 and has recently developed angina pectoris, would you be willing to prescribe beta-blockers for HTN?
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yes
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your patient has peripheral vascular disease and COPD, would you consider using beta-blockers to lower BP?
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no
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what are the 4 ways in which ACEI's increase BP?
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1. block renin/angiotensin system
2. decrease endothelin production (vasoconstrictor) 3. increase bradykinin and prostaglandins 4. decrease sodium retention |
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what are the 3 main ACEI's used today?
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1. Captopril
2. Enalapril 3. Lisinopril |
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of the ACEI's which one causes the ACEI cough the most?
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Captopril
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would you want to use an ACEI or a beta-blocker in patients with diabetes and HTN?
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ACEI
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you patient has gout, what HTN treatment would you try to avoid?
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diuretic treatment with a thiazide
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who do you not want to use ACEI's in?
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pregnant women or women who could become pregnant
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what class of drugs will block the effects of angiotensin-renin cascade before ACEI's?
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ARB - angiotensin receptor blockers
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which receptor is blocked by angiotensin receptor blockers?
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angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1)
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what are the physiological effects mediated by AT1 receptors?
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vasoconstriction, catecholamine release, aldosterone synthesis, and sodium/water retention
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Losartan belongs to which class of drugs?
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ARB's
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what is the most important ARB?
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losartan
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side-effects and contrainications for ARB's are the same as those for ACEI's except what adverse effect?
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cough
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how do ACEI's decrease clotting?
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they decrease clotting due to a increase in tPA as a result of impaired bradykinin breakdown
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