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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Antihypertensive Drugs
Diuretics (2) |
1. Hydrochlorothiazide
2. Loop diuretics |
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Antihypertensive Drugs
Sympathoplegics (6) |
1. Clonidine
2. Methyldopa 3. Reserpine 4. Guanethidine 5. Prazosin 6. Beta-blockers |
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Antihypertensive Drugs
Vasodilators (6) |
1.Hydralazine
2. Minoxidil 3. Nifedipine 4. Verapamil 5. Nitroprusside 6. Diazoxide |
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Antihypertensive Drugs
ACE Inhibitors (3) |
1. Captopril
2. Enalapril 3. Fosinopril |
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Antihypertensive Drugs
Angiotensin II receptor inhibitors |
Losartan
|
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Adverse effects
Hydrochlorothiazide (6) |
1. Hypokalemia
2. Mild hyperlipidemia 3. Hyperuricemia 4. Lassitude 5. Hypercalcemia 6. Hypergylcemia |
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Adverse effects
Loop diuretics (4) |
1. Potassium wasting
2. Metabolic alkalosis 3. Hypotension 4. Ototoxicity |
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Adverse effects
Clonidine (3) |
1. Dry mouth
2. Sedation 3. Severe rebound hypertension |
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Adverse effects
Methyldopa (2) |
1. Sedation
2. Positive Coombs' test |
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Adverse effects
Reserpine (4) |
1. Sedation
2. Depression 2. Nasal stuffiness 4. Diarrhea |
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Adverse Effects
Guanethidine (3) |
1. Orthostatic and exercise hypotension
2. Sexual dysfunction 3. Diarrhea |
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Adverse Effects
Prazosin (3) |
1. 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension
2. Dizziness 3. Headache |
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Adverse Effects
Beta-Blocker (7) |
1. Impotence
2. Asthma 3. Bradycardia 4. CHF 5. AV block 6. Sedation 7. Sleep alterations |
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Adverse Effects
Hydralazine (6) |
1. Nausea
2. Headache 3. Lupus-like syndrome 4. Reflex tachycardia 5. Angina 6. Salt retention |
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What must hydralazine be use with to prevent reflex tachycardia?
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Beta blockers
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What must hydralazine be taken with to block salt retention?
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Diuretic
|
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Adverse Effects
Minoxidil (5) |
1. Hypertrichosis
2. Pericardial effusion 3. Reflex tachycardia 4. Angina 5. Salt retention |
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Adverse Effects
Nifedipine (4) |
1. Dizziness
2, Flushing 3. Nausea 4. Edema |
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Adverse Effects
Verapamil (6) |
1. Dizziness
2, Flushing 3. Nausea 4. Edema 5. Constipation 6. AV block |
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Adverse Effects
Nitroprusside |
Cyanide toxicity (releases CN)
|
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Adverse Effects
Diazoxide (1)(b) |
1. Hyperglycemia
a. reduces insulin release b. hypotension |
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Adverse Effects
ACE Inhibitors (8) |
1. Hyperkalemia
2. Hypotension 3. Rash 4. Increased Renin 5. Cough 6. Angioedema 7. Taste change 8. Fetal renal damage |
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Adverse Effects
Losartan (2) |
1. Hyperkalemia
2. Fetal renal toxicity |
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Mechanism of Action
Hydralazine (2) |
1. Increases cGMP which relaxes smooth muscle
2. Vasodilates arterioles > veins, which reduces afterload |
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Clinical use
Hydralazine (3) |
1. Severe hypertension
2. CHF 3. First line therapy for hypertension in pregnancy, with methyldopa |
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Contraindication
Hydralazine (2) |
1. Angina
2. CAD |
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Mechanism of Action
Minoxidil |
Hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle by opening K channels
|
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Clinical use
Minoxidil |
Severe hypertension
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Calcium channel blockers
Drugs (3) |
1. Nifedipine
2. Verapamil 3. Diltiazem |
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Mechanism of Action
Calcium channel blockers |
Blocks voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels of cardiac and smooth muscle there by reducing contractility.
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List the calcium channel blockers from increasing to decreasing order that have the greats effect on smooth muscle
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1. Nifedipine
2. Diltiazem 3. Verapamil |
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List in increasing to decreasing order the calcium channel blockers that have the greats effect on the heart.
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1. Verapamil
2. diltiazem 3. Nifedipine |
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Clinical use
Calcium channel blockers (5) |
1. Hypertension
2. Angina 3. Arrhythmias (NOT Nifedipine 4. Prinzmental's angina 5. Raynaud's |
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Mechanism of Action
Nitroglycerin and Isosorbide Dinitrate (2) |
1. Releases nitric oxide into smooth muscle causing an increase in cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation
2. Dilates veins >> arteries, decreasing preload |
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Clinical use
Nitroglycerin and Isosorbide Dinitrate (4) |
1. Angina
2. Pulmonary edema 3. Aphrodisiac 4. Erection enhancer |
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Toxicity
Nitroglycerin and Isosorbide Dinitrate (5) |
1. Headache
2. Flushing 3. Tachycardia 4. Hypotension 5. Monday disease in industrial exposure |
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What is Monday disease?
|
Development of tolerance for the vasodilating action during the work week and loss of tolerance over the weekend, resulting in tachycardia, dizziness, and headache on reexposure.
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What drugs are used for malignant hypertension?
(3) |
1. Nitroprusside
2. Fenoldopam 3. Diazoxide |
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Mechanism of Action
Nitroprusside (2) |
1. Short acting
2. Increases cGMP via direct release of NO |
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Mechanism of Action
Fenoldopam (2) |
1. Dopamine D1 receptor agonist
2. Relaxes vascular smooth muscle |
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Mechanism of Action
Diazoxide |
Hyperolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle by opening K channels
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What is the goal of antianginal therapy?
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To reduces myocardial O2 consumption by decreasing one or more of the determinants of MVO2
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What are the determinants of MVO2?
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1. EDV
2. BP 3. HR 4. Contractility 5. Ejection time |
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What are the 4 components nitrates decrease?
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1. EDV
2. BP 3. Ejection time 4. MVO2 |
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What are the 2 components nitrates increase (reflex response)?
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1. Contractility
2. HR |
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What are the 4 components Beta-blockers decrease?
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1. BP
2. Contractility 3. HR 4. MVO2 |
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What effect do Nitrates + Beta-blockers have on EDV?
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No effect or decrease
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What effect do Nitrates and Beta-blockers have on BP?
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Decrease
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What effect do Nitrates and Beta-blockers have on contractility?
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Little/no effect
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What effect do Nitrates and Beta-blockers have on HR?
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Decrease
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What effect do Nitrates and Beta-blockers have on ejection time?
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Little/no effect
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What effect do Nitrates and Beta-blockers have on MVO2?
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Greater decrease when used together
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Pindolol and acebutolol are...
(2) |
1. Partial Beta-agonist
2. Contraindicated in angina |