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53 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Antihypertensive Drugs
Diuretics
(2)
1. Hydrochlorothiazide
2. Loop diuretics
Antihypertensive Drugs
Sympathoplegics
(6)
1. Clonidine
2. Methyldopa
3. Reserpine
4. Guanethidine
5. Prazosin
6. Beta-blockers
Antihypertensive Drugs
Vasodilators
(6)
1.Hydralazine
2. Minoxidil
3. Nifedipine
4. Verapamil
5. Nitroprusside
6. Diazoxide
Antihypertensive Drugs
ACE Inhibitors
(3)
1. Captopril
2. Enalapril
3. Fosinopril
Antihypertensive Drugs
Angiotensin II receptor inhibitors
Losartan
Adverse effects
Hydrochlorothiazide
(6)
1. Hypokalemia
2. Mild hyperlipidemia
3. Hyperuricemia
4. Lassitude
5. Hypercalcemia
6. Hypergylcemia
Adverse effects
Loop diuretics
(4)
1. Potassium wasting
2. Metabolic alkalosis
3. Hypotension
4. Ototoxicity
Adverse effects
Clonidine
(3)
1. Dry mouth
2. Sedation
3. Severe rebound hypertension
Adverse effects
Methyldopa
(2)
1. Sedation
2. Positive Coombs' test
Adverse effects
Reserpine
(4)
1. Sedation
2. Depression
2. Nasal stuffiness
4. Diarrhea
Adverse Effects
Guanethidine
(3)
1. Orthostatic and exercise hypotension
2. Sexual dysfunction
3. Diarrhea
Adverse Effects
Prazosin
(3)
1. 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension
2. Dizziness
3. Headache
Adverse Effects
Beta-Blocker
(7)
1. Impotence
2. Asthma
3. Bradycardia
4. CHF
5. AV block
6. Sedation
7. Sleep alterations
Adverse Effects
Hydralazine
(6)
1. Nausea
2. Headache
3. Lupus-like syndrome
4. Reflex tachycardia
5. Angina
6. Salt retention
What must hydralazine be use with to prevent reflex tachycardia?
Beta blockers
What must hydralazine be taken with to block salt retention?
Diuretic
Adverse Effects
Minoxidil
(5)
1. Hypertrichosis
2. Pericardial effusion
3. Reflex tachycardia
4. Angina
5. Salt retention
Adverse Effects
Nifedipine
(4)
1. Dizziness
2, Flushing
3. Nausea
4. Edema
Adverse Effects
Verapamil
(6)
1. Dizziness
2, Flushing
3. Nausea
4. Edema
5. Constipation
6. AV block
Adverse Effects
Nitroprusside
Cyanide toxicity (releases CN)
Adverse Effects
Diazoxide
(1)(b)
1. Hyperglycemia
a. reduces insulin release
b. hypotension
Adverse Effects
ACE Inhibitors
(8)
1. Hyperkalemia
2. Hypotension
3. Rash
4. Increased Renin
5. Cough
6. Angioedema
7. Taste change
8. Fetal renal damage
Adverse Effects
Losartan
(2)
1. Hyperkalemia
2. Fetal renal toxicity
Mechanism of Action
Hydralazine
(2)
1. Increases cGMP which relaxes smooth muscle
2. Vasodilates arterioles > veins, which reduces afterload
Clinical use
Hydralazine
(3)
1. Severe hypertension
2. CHF
3. First line therapy for hypertension in pregnancy, with methyldopa
Contraindication
Hydralazine
(2)
1. Angina
2. CAD
Mechanism of Action
Minoxidil
Hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle by opening K channels
Clinical use
Minoxidil
Severe hypertension
Calcium channel blockers
Drugs
(3)
1. Nifedipine
2. Verapamil
3. Diltiazem
Mechanism of Action
Calcium channel blockers
Blocks voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels of cardiac and smooth muscle there by reducing contractility.
List the calcium channel blockers from increasing to decreasing order that have the greats effect on smooth muscle
1. Nifedipine
2. Diltiazem
3. Verapamil
List in increasing to decreasing order the calcium channel blockers that have the greats effect on the heart.
1. Verapamil
2. diltiazem
3. Nifedipine
Clinical use
Calcium channel blockers
(5)
1. Hypertension
2. Angina
3. Arrhythmias (NOT Nifedipine
4. Prinzmental's angina
5. Raynaud's
Mechanism of Action
Nitroglycerin and Isosorbide Dinitrate
(2)
1. Releases nitric oxide into smooth muscle causing an increase in cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation
2. Dilates veins >> arteries, decreasing preload
Clinical use
Nitroglycerin and Isosorbide Dinitrate
(4)
1. Angina
2. Pulmonary edema
3. Aphrodisiac
4. Erection enhancer
Toxicity
Nitroglycerin and Isosorbide Dinitrate
(5)
1. Headache
2. Flushing
3. Tachycardia
4. Hypotension
5. Monday disease in industrial exposure
What is Monday disease?
Development of tolerance for the vasodilating action during the work week and loss of tolerance over the weekend, resulting in tachycardia, dizziness, and headache on reexposure.
What drugs are used for malignant hypertension?
(3)
1. Nitroprusside
2. Fenoldopam
3. Diazoxide
Mechanism of Action
Nitroprusside
(2)
1. Short acting
2. Increases cGMP via direct release of NO
Mechanism of Action
Fenoldopam
(2)
1. Dopamine D1 receptor agonist
2. Relaxes vascular smooth muscle
Mechanism of Action
Diazoxide
Hyperolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle by opening K channels
What is the goal of antianginal therapy?
To reduces myocardial O2 consumption by decreasing one or more of the determinants of MVO2
What are the determinants of MVO2?
1. EDV
2. BP
3. HR
4. Contractility
5. Ejection time
What are the 4 components nitrates decrease?
1. EDV
2. BP
3. Ejection time
4. MVO2
What are the 2 components nitrates increase (reflex response)?
1. Contractility
2. HR
What are the 4 components Beta-blockers decrease?
1. BP
2. Contractility
3. HR
4. MVO2
What effect do Nitrates + Beta-blockers have on EDV?
No effect or decrease
What effect do Nitrates and Beta-blockers have on BP?
Decrease
What effect do Nitrates and Beta-blockers have on contractility?
Little/no effect
What effect do Nitrates and Beta-blockers have on HR?
Decrease
What effect do Nitrates and Beta-blockers have on ejection time?
Little/no effect
What effect do Nitrates and Beta-blockers have on MVO2?
Greater decrease when used together
Pindolol and acebutolol are...
(2)
1. Partial Beta-agonist
2. Contraindicated in angina