Cardiovascular Pathology

Front 1

Name the 3 structures that make up the carotid sheath

Back 1

VAN
-Internal Jugular VEIN (Lateral)
-Common Carotid ARTERY (Medial)
-Vagus NERVE (posterior)

Front 2

What is the Equation for Cardiac Output?

Back 2

CO = Stroke Volume x HR

CO=Rate O2 consumption/(arterial O2 content - Venous O2 content)

Front 3

What is the equation for Mean Arterial Pressure

Back 3

MAP = CO x TPR

MAP=2/3 diastolic + 1/3systolic

Front 4

What is the equation for pulse pressure

Back 4

Pulse Pressure = Systolic - diastolic

Front 5

What is the equation for Stroke Volume?

Back 5

SV = CO/HR

SV = EDV - ESV

Front 6

What is the equation for Ejection Fraction

Back 6

EF = SV/EDV

EF = (EDV-ESV) / EDV

EF is normally >55%

Front 7

A child is born in the ER with a very low APGAR score. The baby is totally blue. What are the top 5 cardiac abnormalities that should be listed in the differential for this patient?

Back 7

BLUE Babies = 5 T's
Right to left shunts

-Tetrology of Fallot (most common)
-Transposition of the great vessels
-Truncus arteriosus
-Tricuspid Atresia
-TAPVR (total anomalous pulmonary venous return)

Front 8

6yr old male comes into the ER with shortness of breath. He has a blue tint to his skin all over his body. History states his mother has a congenital cardiac abnormality. What top 3 cardiac abnormalities could cause this child to be blue?

Back 8

Left to Right Shunts = Blue Kids

-VSD (most common)
-ASD
-PDA

Front 9

A new patient of 13yrs old comes into your office after one of his "cyanotic spells" In the waiting room, the child is squatting on the floor as this helps to releive his symptoms. Chest X-ray reveals a boot shaped heart. What is the most likely diagnosis? A cardiac catheter placed in the Right ventricle would show and increase or decrease in pressure and why?
Why does squatting improve his symptoms?

Back 9

Diagnosis = Tetrology of fallot

Cardiac cath in the right ventrical would show an increase in pressure due to the pulmonary stenosis and RVH.

-Squattin improves his symptoms by compressing the femoral arteries which increases TPR. This will increase pressure in the Left ventrical thus decreasing the Right to left shunt. The RV is than able to eject more blood into the lungs. Suck IT!

Front 10

A new born is born with an extremely blue body. Ultrasound and MRI both reveal that the aorta appears to originate from the RV and the pulmonary artery from the LV. What is the Diagnosis? What other congenital abnormalities, if present would help keep this child alive?

Back 10

Diagnosis = Transposition of Great vessels

-VSD, PDA, Patent foramen ovale will help make this viable.

Front 11

2yr old male is brought to his pediatrician with shortness of breath. Patient has a strong bounding carotid pulse. His femoral pulses however are very weak and tready. X-ray shows a constriction just prior to the ligamentum arteriosum. Diagnosis?

Back 11

Coarctation of the Aorta

INfantile type = IN close to the Heart

Front 12

30yr old female presents with minor shortness of breath and that she "just doesnt feel right" Her Blood pressure was 160/105 however her femoral pulses were very weak. Diagnosis? Where would the pathology most likely be?

Back 12

Diagnosis is Coarctation of the aorta

Pathology would be distal to the ductus

ADult: Distal to Ductus

Front 13

Pateint presents with a Machine like Mumur. Diagnosis?

Back 13

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Front 14

What drug will help close a PDA?

Back 14

Indomethacin

-ENDomethacin = ENDs a PDA

Front 15

What drug will help keep a PDA open?

Back 15

PGE

-PGEE kEEps a PDA open.
may be necessary to sustain life in transposition of great vessels

Front 16

Name the disorder that is most commonly associated with Truncus arteriosus, Tetrology of Fallot

Back 16

22q11 syndromes

CATCH 22

Front 17

Name the disorder that is most commonly associated with ASD, VSD, AV septal defect

Back 17

Down Syndrome

Front 18

Name the disorder that is most commonly associated with Septal defects, PDA, Pulmonary Artery stenosis

Back 18

Congenital rubella

Front 19

Name the disorder that is most commonly associated with Coarctation of the Aorta

Back 19

Turners Syndrome (XO)

Front 20

Name the disorder that is most commonly associated with Aortic Insufficiency (late complication) mutation in the fibrillin gene

Back 20

Marfans Syndrome

Front 21

Name the disorder that is most commonly associated with Transposition of the Great vessels

Back 21

Infant to a Fat diabetic mother.

Front 22

45 yr old male contractor comes to your office for the 2nd time in 2 weeks for a re-check of his BP. BP a week ago was 146/88. His BP today was 140/92. He has no other complaints or history. Diagnosis

Back 22

Diagnosis = Primary Hypertension (140-160), (90 - 100)

Secondary Hypertension (>160) (>100)

Pre-Hypertension (120-140), (80 - 90)

Front 23

Plaques with in blood vessel walls are refered to as?

Back 23

Atheromas

Front 24

Plaques or nodules on the skin, especially around the eyes (composed of lipid laden histiocytes) on known as? What is the name of this disorder?

Back 24

Xanthomas

Xathelasma

Front 25

A lipid deposition on a tendon is known as?

Back 25

Tendinous Xanthoma

Front 26

Lipid depositions in the corneas are known as?

Back 26

Corneal Arcus (Arcus Senilis)