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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors do?
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Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasopressor. thereby causes vasodilation and reduction in PVR which
1) lowers blood pressure and 2) reduces preload and afterload, thereby reducing cardiac workload. Used for: HTN, CHF, MI Examples: lisinopril (Zestril), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec) |
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ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE)
INHIBITORS |
benazepril -(Lotensin)
captopril -(Capoten) enalapril -(Vasotec) fosinopril -(Monopril) lisinopril -(Zestril, Prinivil) quinapril -(Accupril) ramipril -(Altace) |
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benazepril
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(Lotensin)
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captopril
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(Capoten)
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enalapril
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(Vasotec)
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fosinopril
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(Monopril)
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lisinopril
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(Zestril, Prinivil)
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quinapril
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(Accupril)
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ramipril
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(Altace)
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What are Cardiac Glycosides?
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Positive inotrope and as a result, negative chronotrope. Slows electrical impulse through the AV node so also has antidysrhythmic effect.
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What are Cardiac Glycosides used for?
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Used for: CHF, certain tachycardias digoxin (Lanoxin)
Caution: digoxin toxicity |
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What are symptoms of Cardiac Glycosides symptoms?
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nausea, anorexia, halovision, green/yellow vision
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What are the CV effect of Cardiac Glycosides?
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CV effects: bradycardia, conduction blocks
Therapeutic level: 0.5 - 2.0 ng/dL |
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Factors that potentiate dig toxicity:
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impaired renal function, impaired liver function, hypokalemia
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What are Anticholinergics?
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Positive chronotrope; parasympatholytic (sympathomimetic)
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What are Anticholingergics used for?
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symptomatic bradycardia
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ANTICHOLINERGIC
(antiarrythmic) |
atropine sulfate (Atropine)
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atropine sulfate
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(Atropine)
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What do ANTIARRYTHMIC AGENTS-Class 1 – Sodium Channel Blockers do?
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Block sodium channels
-Prolong AP -Decrease conduction velocity -Suppress abnormal automaticity of ectopic pacemakers -Some also affect potassium channels. |
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What the uses for ANTIARRYTHMIC AGENTS-Class 1 – Sodium Channel Blockers?
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Atrial fibrillation
-Premature ventricular contractions -Prevention of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias -Not for mild arrhythmias |
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Names:ANTIARRYTHMIC AGENTS-Class 1 – Sodium Channel Blockers
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disopyramnide (Norpace)
propaferone (Rhythmol) lidocaine (Xylocaine) |
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What are the symptoms of ANTIARRYTHMIC AGENTS-Class 1 – Sodium Channel Blockers?
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May worsen existing arrhythmias
-Cinhonism (toxicity) -Nausea -Vomiting -Diarrhea -Hypotension -Dizziness -Confusion -Drowsiness -Rash -Thrombocytopenia (low platelets) |
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What does Class3 – Drugs prolonging action potential Duration do?
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They prolong action potential usually by blocking potassium channels.
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Names: Class3 – Drugs prolonging action potential Duration
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amiodarone (Cardarone, Pacerone)
sotalol (Betapace) |
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What are the symptoms of Class3 – Drugs prolonging action potential Duration?
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Neurotoxicity
-Sensitivity to UV light (amiodarone) -Hypotension -Risk of worsening arrhythmias |
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What are the uses for Class3 – Drugs prolonging action potential Duration?
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The prevention and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias
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What do Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/Blockers (ARBs) do?
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Blocks the effect of angiotensin II at the receptor site which leads to vasodilation and reduction in PVR; has same effect on blood pressure and preload/afterload/cardiac workload as ACE Inhibitors.
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What are the uses for Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/Blockers (ARBs)?
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HTN, CHF, MI
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Names: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/Blockers (ARBs)
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candesartan (Atacard)
eprosartan (Teveten) irbesaartan (Avapro) losartan (Cozaar) olmesartan (Benicar) valsartan (Diovan) |
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candesartan
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(Atacard)
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eprosartan
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(Teveten)
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irbesaartan
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(Avapro)
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losartan
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(Cozaar)
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olmesartan
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(Benicar)
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valsartan
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(Diovan)
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What do ALPHA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR
ANTAGONISTS (alpha blockers) do? |
Alpha adrenergic blockers - reduces PVR by vasodilation
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What are the uses for Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists?
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By reducing the stimulation of peripheral alpha-1 receptors, alpha-1 antagonists induce :
decrease of arterial and venous vasoconstriction and consequently decrease of peripheral resistance and lowering of arterial pressure, decrease of platelet aggregation, facilitation of bladder evacuation. |
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What are the symptoms for Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists?
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Dizziness
Postural Hypotension Fatigue Asthenia |
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Names: ALPHA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR
ANTAGONISTS (alpha blockers) |
doxazosin (Cardura), prazosin (Minipres)
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doxazosin
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(Cardura),
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prazosin
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(Minipres)
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What do Beta adrenergic receptor antagonists (Beta blockers;Beta-1 cardioselective) do?
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Beta adrenergic blockers - reduces heart rate and contractility which thereby lowers blood pressure. Also lowers renin production.
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What are the adverse effects of Beta adrenerguc receptor antagonists (Beta blockers;Beta-1 cardioselective)?
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Adverse effect: bronchoconstriction.
*Beta-1 blockers only act on beta receptors in heart - "cardioselective" |
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Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta-blocker;beta-1 cardioselctive) are used for ?
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Used for: tachycardias, HTN, angina, MI and dysrhythmias
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What stimulates Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta-blocker;beta-1 cardioselctive)?
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stimulated by excessive catecholamines (epinephrine)
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Names: Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta-blocker;beta-1 cardioselctive)?
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Propranolol (Inderal),
*metaprolol (Lopressor), *atenolol (Tenormin) |
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Action of Alpha-beta blockers
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- act on both alpha and beta receptors
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Symptoms of Alpha-beta blockers?
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Orthostatic Hypotension*
also miosis, nasal stuffiness, and incontinence |
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Uses for Alpha-beta blockers
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-primary hypertension
-benign prostatic hyperplasia |
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Names:
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labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate)
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What do Centrally-Acting Hypertensives do?
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reduce arteriolar muscular tone by reducing sympathetic activity.
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What are the symptoms of Centrally-Acting Antihypertensives?
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sedation and depression
dry mouth edema rebound hypertension on discontinuing treatment |
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What are the uses of Centrally-Acting Antihypertensives?
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Hypertension
Stress |
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Names: Centrally-Acting Antihypertensives
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clonidine (Catapress)
guanabenz (Wytensin) methyldopa (Aldomet) |
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Actions of Nitrates?
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Causes coronary, arterial, and venous vasodilation.
Accomplishes 4 things: lowers BP by decreasing PVR decreases preload decreases afterload enhances blood flow |
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Action of short-acting Nitrates?
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It is a vasodilator and there by reducing force and diameter of vessel, decreases pressure
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Uses for Short acting nitrates?
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For stable angina and CHF; watch BP!
Acute Myocardial Ischemia (Angina Pectoris) Exertional or rest Angina |
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Symptoms of Short-Acting Nitrates?
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Lightheadedness.
2. Dizziness or weakness. 3. Headaches, but this is usually a sign the medication is working. |
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Names Short-Acting Nitrates
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Nitroglycerin sublingual - pill or spray
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Action of long-acting Nitrates?
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Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to blockages in the arteries supplying it (caused by coronary heart disease) is the main cause of angina chest pain. Pain is the brain's way of telling the body to stop doing the activity that is increasing the body's need for extra blood and oxygen.
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Uses for long acting nitrates?
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For management of angina,prophalaxis
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Symptoms of Long-Acting Nitrates?
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Lightheadedness.
2. Dizziness or weakness. 3. Headaches, but this is usually a sign the medication is working. |
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Names Long-Acting Nitrates
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Nitroglycerin transdermal - ointment, patch
isosorbide dinitrate - (ISDN, Isordil) isosorbide mononitrate (ISMO, Imdur) |
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Action of Centrally Acting Antihypertensives?
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Centrally Acting Antihypertensives
Inhibits the central nervous system/sympathetic nervous system, resulting in vasodilation/reduced PVR and lowering of BP. |
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Uses for Centrally Acting Antihypertensives?
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Used for: hypertension
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Actions of CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS?
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Slows influx of calcium into heart cells and smooth muscle cells of vessels. Results
in negative chronotropic effect and vasodilation/reduced PVR (lowering blood pressure.) Also is a negative inotrope (caution!) |
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Uses for CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS?
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Used for: HTN, tachycardias, management of angina
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Why we use caution when using Names of CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS?
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Caution: when administering for tachycardia, be sure to check BP before giving.
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Names of CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS?
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nifidipine (Procardia)
verapamil (Calan) diltiazem (Cardizem) amiodipine (Norvasc) Felodipine (Plendil) Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia) Nicardipine (Cardene) Nimodipine (Nimotop) Verapamil (Calan) |
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Symptoms of CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
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Hypotension
Bradycardia |
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What are Anticoagulants?
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They keep the blood from clotting
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Names of High-Molecular Weight Heparin
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Heparin
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Action of High-Molecular Weight Heparin
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It keeps the blood from clotting in arteries and veins
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Symptoms of High-Molecular Weight Heparin
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same as low molecular weight heparin
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Uses of High-Molecular Weight Heparin
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in venous and arterial clogging
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Names of Low-Molecular Weight Heparin
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dalteparin (fragmin)
enoxaprin (Lovenox) |
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Symptoms of Low-Molecular Weight Heparin
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increase liver enzymes
allergic reactions injection site reactions |
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Uses of Low-Molecular Weight Heparin
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DVT
prophalaxis for surgery pulmonary embolism heart attacks strokes |
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Names of Oral Anticoagulants
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Warfarin (Coumadin)
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Symptoms of Oral Anticoagulants
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bleeding
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Uses for Oral Anticoagulants
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atriall fibrillation
DVT |
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Action of Antiplatelet Aggregates?
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Minimizes or prevents platelets from adhering to atheroscleromatous
plaques/lesions; Therefore slows the progression of atherosclerosis (ASHD) |
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Uses for Antiplatelet Aggregates?
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ASHD (CAD, CVD, PVD)
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Names for Antiplatelet Aggregates?
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acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin),
dipyridamole (Persantine), |
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Action of Antiplatelet Aggregates: ADP Receptor Antagonists?
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inhibits binding of adenosine diphosphate to its platelet receptor site, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation
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Names of Antiplatelet Aggregates: ADP Receptor Antagonists?
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clopidogrel (Plavix),
ticlopidine (Ticlid) |
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Action of Coagulants
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it forms clots
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Uses of Coagulants
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helps platelet aggregation, repairs damaged vessels,
helps in thrombosis, |
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Names of Coagulants
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Phytonadione (Aqua-mephyton, Vitamin K)
protamine sulfate |
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Action of Diuretics
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Decrease circulating blood volume which decreases 1) preload and subsequently cardiac workload and 2) blood pressure
Reduces edema |
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Names of Diuretics
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For HTN, CHF (pulmonary and peripheral edema
Diuretics 1 Loop-furosemide (Lasix), bumetanide (Bumex), Diuretics 2 (Thiazides) acetazolammide (Diamox) chlorothiazide (diuril) hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) metolazone (Zaroxolyn) Diuretics 3 spironolactone (Aldactone) |
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CHOLESTEROL LOWERING AGENTS
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors |
atorvastatin (Lipitor)
fluvastatin (Lescol) gemifibrozil (Lopid) lovastatin (Mevacor) pravastatin (Pravachol) rosuvastatin (Crestor) simvastatin (Zocor) |
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ADRENERGIC AGENTS
(Vasopressors) |
epinephrine (Adrenaline)
norepinephrine (Levophed) |
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CARDIAC COMBINATION MEDS
Know the components of each |
amlodipine/atorvastatin (Caduet)
amlodipine/benazepril (Lotrel) hydrochlorothiazide/losartan (Hyzaar) hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene (Dyazide, Maxzide) |
