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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Afterload
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The amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle
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Apical Impulse
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* also called point of maximum impulse (PMI)
* impulse normally palpated at the 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line * caused by contraction of the left ventricle |
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Baroreceptors
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nerve fibers located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries that are responsible for reflex control of the blood pressure
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Cardiac Catheterization
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an invasive procedure used to measure cardiac chamber pressures and assess patency of the coronary arteries
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Cardiac Output
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* the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in liters per minute
* normal cardiac output is 5L/min in a resting adult heart |
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Cardiac Stress Test
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a test used to evaluate the functioning of the heart during a period of increased oxygen demand
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Contractility
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ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten in response to an electrical impulse
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Depolarization
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electrical activation of a cell caused by the influx of sodium into the cell while postassium exits the cell
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Diastole
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period of ventricular relaxation resulting in ventricular filling
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Ejection Fraction
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percentage of the end-diastolic blood volume ejected from the ventricle with each heartbeat
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Hemodynamic Monitoring
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use of monitoring devices to measure cardiovascular function
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Hypertension
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blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm HG
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Hypotension
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blood pressure less than 100/60 mm Hg
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INR
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* International Normalized Ratio
* a standard method for reporting prothrombin levels * eliminates the variation in test results from laboratory to laboratory |
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Murmurs
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sounds created by abnormal, turbulent flow of blood in the heart
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Myocardial Ischemia
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condition in which the heart muscle cells receive less oxygen than needed
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Myocardium
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muscle layer of the heart responsible for the pumping action of the heart
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Normal Heart Sounds
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* sounds produced when the valves close
* normal hearts sounds are S1 & S2 * S1 = atrioventricular valves; S2 = semilunar valves |
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Postural Hypotension
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* also called "orthostatic hypotension"
* a significant drop in blood pressure (usually 10 mm Hg systolic or more) after an upright posture is assumed |
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Preload
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degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole
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Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
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resistance to the right ventricle ejection of blood
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Radioisotopes
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* unstable atoms that emit small amounts of energy in the form of gamma rays
* used in cardiac nuclear medicine studies |
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Repolarization
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return of the cell to resting state, caused by re-entry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell
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SA
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* sinoatrial node
* primary pacemaker of the heart * located in the right atrium |
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Stroke Volume
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* amount of blood ejected from the ventricle per heartbeat
* normal stroke volume is about 70 mL in the resting heart |
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Systemic Vascular Resistance
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resistance to left ventricle ejection
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Systole
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period of ventricular contraction resulting in ejection of blood from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta
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Telemetry
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the process of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring by the transmission of radiowaves from a batter-operated transmitter worn by the patient
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Venodilating Agent
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medication causing dilation of veins
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Cardiac Conduction System
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* generates and transmits electrical impulses that stimulate contraction of the myocardium
* normally first stimulates contraction of the atria and then the ventricles |
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CVP
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* Central Venous Pressure
* direct measurement of BP in the right atrium and the vena cava |
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Where is Erb's Point located?
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The third intercostal space to the left of the sternum
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What is the angle of louis?
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the manubriosternal joint
* where the manubrium meets the top of the sternum |
