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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
atheroma
a plaque formed during atherosclerosis consisting of fatty deposits, smooth muscle, foam cells, and connective tissue
atherosclerosis
the progressive thickening of artery walls due to the accumulation of fatty deposits, smooth muscle cells, inflammatory cells, & fibrous connective tissue (i.e. plaque formation)
cholesterol
a lipid molecule composed of a four-ring steroid structure
coronary arteries
the 2 main arteries that provide blood to the heart
CRP C-reactive protein
a protein synthesized by liver cells in response to inflammatory cytokines that binds to LPS of bacterial and fungal cell walls. serves as a biomarker for acute inflammation
HDL high density lipoprotein
a complex of proteins and lipids found in the blood and taken up by cells. serves as a mechanism by which cells take up lipids. inversely correlated with LDL levels
hemorrhage
bleeding, the escape of blood from blood vessels
hypertension
abnormally high blood pressure
inflammation
a local immune response resulting from injury or infection characterized by swelling, redness, pain & warmth due to the accumulation of fluid & leukocytes
ischemia
a deficiency of blood due to either a constriction or blockage of a blood vessel
LDL low density lipoprotein
complex of proteins & lipids found in the blood, taken up by cells. "bad" cholesterol (correlates with the formation of atheromas)
myocardial infraction
heart attack. necrosis of the heart due to ischemia
peripheral vascular disease
a condition in which the arteries or veins carrying blood to or from the arms or legs become narrowed or clogged
plaque
any patch or flat area (see atheroma)
plasma
the fluid portion of the blood
saturated
refers to lipids that are solid at room temperature & whose fatty acid chains cannot incorporate an additional hydrogen atom (no double bonds)
thrombosis
formation or presence of blood clot within a blood vessel
triglyceride
a lipid found in the blood, major component of body fat & dietary oils
unsaturated
lipids that are typically liquid at room temperature
aneurysm
an abnormal blood-filled bulge of a blood vessel (especially an artery) resulting from weakening of the vessel wall
angina
a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. conducive to or causing atheroma
atherogenic calcification
the process by which tissue becomes hardened by the deposition of calcium salts
collagen
a fibrous extracellular matrix protein that is a major constituent of skin, tendon, bone, cartilage & connective tissue
connective tissue
a tissue of mesodermal origin that connects, supports, or surrounds other tissues or organs
extracellular matrix
a meshwork lying external to cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues
fatty acids
long chain hydrocarbons attached to a carboxylic acid group at one ends. components of lipids
fibrinogen
a blood protein that plays a role in clotting. converted to fibrin by the action of thrombin in response to injury and forms the meshwork of the clot
foam cell
a swollen phagocytic cell filled with lipid inclusions that often accumulates in atherosclerotic plaques
homocysteine
a non-protein amino acid found in blood. elevated levels are found in persons with coronary artery disease and may be a useful marker for risk of heart attack
monounsaturated
unsaturated lipid that contains only a single double bond
polyunsaturated
unsaturated lipid that contains multiple double bonds in the fatty acid chain
proteoglycan
a class of heavily glycosylated proteins that are found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue
trans fatty acid
an unsaturated fatty acid produced by the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils
ulceration
the formation or development of an ulcer (necrosis of tissue)
VLDL very low density lipoprotein
similar to LDL with an even higher ratio of lipid to protein