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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
atheroma
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a plaque formed during atherosclerosis consisting of fatty deposits, smooth muscle, foam cells, and connective tissue
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atherosclerosis
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the progressive thickening of artery walls due to the accumulation of fatty deposits, smooth muscle cells, inflammatory cells, & fibrous connective tissue (i.e. plaque formation)
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cholesterol
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a lipid molecule composed of a four-ring steroid structure
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coronary arteries
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the 2 main arteries that provide blood to the heart
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CRP C-reactive protein
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a protein synthesized by liver cells in response to inflammatory cytokines that binds to LPS of bacterial and fungal cell walls. serves as a biomarker for acute inflammation
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HDL high density lipoprotein
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a complex of proteins and lipids found in the blood and taken up by cells. serves as a mechanism by which cells take up lipids. inversely correlated with LDL levels
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hemorrhage
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bleeding, the escape of blood from blood vessels
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hypertension
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abnormally high blood pressure
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inflammation
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a local immune response resulting from injury or infection characterized by swelling, redness, pain & warmth due to the accumulation of fluid & leukocytes
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ischemia
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a deficiency of blood due to either a constriction or blockage of a blood vessel
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LDL low density lipoprotein
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complex of proteins & lipids found in the blood, taken up by cells. "bad" cholesterol (correlates with the formation of atheromas)
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myocardial infraction
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heart attack. necrosis of the heart due to ischemia
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peripheral vascular disease
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a condition in which the arteries or veins carrying blood to or from the arms or legs become narrowed or clogged
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plaque
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any patch or flat area (see atheroma)
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plasma
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the fluid portion of the blood
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saturated
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refers to lipids that are solid at room temperature & whose fatty acid chains cannot incorporate an additional hydrogen atom (no double bonds)
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thrombosis
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formation or presence of blood clot within a blood vessel
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triglyceride
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a lipid found in the blood, major component of body fat & dietary oils
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unsaturated
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lipids that are typically liquid at room temperature
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aneurysm
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an abnormal blood-filled bulge of a blood vessel (especially an artery) resulting from weakening of the vessel wall
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angina
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a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. conducive to or causing atheroma
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atherogenic calcification
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the process by which tissue becomes hardened by the deposition of calcium salts
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collagen
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a fibrous extracellular matrix protein that is a major constituent of skin, tendon, bone, cartilage & connective tissue
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connective tissue
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a tissue of mesodermal origin that connects, supports, or surrounds other tissues or organs
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extracellular matrix
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a meshwork lying external to cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues
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fatty acids
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long chain hydrocarbons attached to a carboxylic acid group at one ends. components of lipids
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fibrinogen
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a blood protein that plays a role in clotting. converted to fibrin by the action of thrombin in response to injury and forms the meshwork of the clot
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foam cell
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a swollen phagocytic cell filled with lipid inclusions that often accumulates in atherosclerotic plaques
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homocysteine
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a non-protein amino acid found in blood. elevated levels are found in persons with coronary artery disease and may be a useful marker for risk of heart attack
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monounsaturated
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unsaturated lipid that contains only a single double bond
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polyunsaturated
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unsaturated lipid that contains multiple double bonds in the fatty acid chain
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proteoglycan
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a class of heavily glycosylated proteins that are found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue
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trans fatty acid
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an unsaturated fatty acid produced by the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils
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ulceration
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the formation or development of an ulcer (necrosis of tissue)
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VLDL very low density lipoprotein
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similar to LDL with an even higher ratio of lipid to protein
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