Cardiovascular - Anatomy & Physiology

Front 1

Carotid sheath

Back 1

lateral: internal jugular vein
medial: common carotid artery
posterior: vagus nerve

VAN

Front 2

the most commonly occluded coronary artery

Back 2

LAD: Left Anterior Descending artery

Front 3

the most posterior part of the heart

Back 3

left atrium

Front 4

enlargement of left atrium causes (2) ____.

Back 4

dysphagia = compression of esophageal nerve

or

hoarseness = compression of the recurrent laryngeal n. (branch of vagus n.)

Front 5

supplies posterior LV

Back 5

circumflex artery

Front 6

supplies apex and anterior IV septum

Back 6

LAD

Front 7

supplies posterior septum

Back 7

PD: Posterior Descending a.
(Interventricular artery)

Front 8

supplies RV

Back 8

acute marginal a.

Front 9

3 systolic murmurs heard on the right 2nd interspace

Back 9

AS
flow murmur
aortic valve sclerosis

Front 10

2 diastolic murmurs heard on the left sternal border

Back 10

AR
PR

Front 11

1 systolic murmur heard on the left sternal border

Back 11

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Front 12

2 systolic ejection murmurs heard on the left 2nd interspace

Back 12

PS
flow murmur (ASD = atrial septal defect)

ASD = high flow thru pulmonic valve --> pulmonary flow murmur &
high flow across tricuspid --> diastolic rumble

progression: dilatation of PA --> louder diastolic murmur of PR

Front 13

2 pansystolic murmur on the left 3rd interspace

Back 13

TR
VSD: Ventricular Septal Defect

Front 14

2 diastolic murmur on the left 3rd interspace

Back 14

TS
ASD

Front 15

Systolic murmur heard on the left 4th interspace

Back 15

MR

Front 16

Diastolic murmur heard on the left 4th interspace

Back 16

MS

Front 17

5 HOCM (Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy) Maneuvers

Back 17

Valsalva
AmylNitrate

Leg raising
Squatting
Handgrip = Phenylephrine

VA LSH

Front 18

2 *HOCN maneuvers to increase murmur

*Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Back 18

Valsalva
AmylNitrate

Front 19

3 *HOCN maneuvers to decrease murmur

*Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Back 19

Leg Raising
Squatting
Handgrip = Phenylephrine

Front 20

holosystolic
high-pitched "blowing" murmur

Back 20

MR
TR

Front 21

4 most common causes of MR

Back 21

ischemic heart disease
mitral valve prolapse
LV dilation
rheumatic fever

Front 22

3 most causes of TR

Back 22

RV dilatation
endocarditis
rheumatic fever

Front 23

crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click

Back 23

AS

*LVP >> systolic aortic pressure

Front 24

AS signs (4)

Back 24

1. crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur after EC (ejection click)
2. radiates to carotid/apex
3. "pulsus parvus et tardus" (pulse weak vs. heart sounds)
4. syncope

Front 25

holosystolic
harsh-sounding murmur
loudest at left 3rd interspace

Back 25

VSD

Front 26

midsystolic click
late systolic murmur
loudest at S2

Back 26

mitral valve prolapse

Front 27

most frequent valvular lesion
but usually benign

Back 27

mitral valve prolapse

Front 28

immediate high-pitched "blowing" diastolic murmur

chronic: wide pulse pressure

Back 28

AR

Front 29

3 most common causes of AR

Back 29

aortic root dilation
bicuspid aortic valve
rheumatic fever

Front 30

opening snap --> late diastolic "rumble"

Back 30

MS

diastole: LAP >> LVP

Front 31

most frequent cause of MS

Back 31

rheumatic fever

Front 32

continuous machine-like murmur
loudest at S2

Back 32

PDA: Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Front 33

high intensity on INSPIRATION if defect is L or R side of heart?

Back 33

R

inspiration --> more blood flows into RA

Front 34

high intensity on EXPIRATION if defect is L or R side of heart?

Back 34

L

expiration --> more blood flows into LA