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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Truncus arteriosus
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ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
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Bulbus Cordis
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Smooth parts of left and right ventricle
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Primitive ventricle
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Trabeculated part of L and R atrium
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left horn of sinus venosus
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coronary sinus
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right horn of sinus venosus
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smooth part of right atrium
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right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein
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Superior vena cava
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Septum primum
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first septum to move toward the atrioventricular septum.
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Osteum primum
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space between leading edge of septum priumum and atrioventricular septum
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Osteum secundum
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central portion of septum primum obliterates to form this.
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septum secundum
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grows toward the atrioventricular septum on the right side of the septum primum. it grows down and attaches to the septum priumum forming the atrial septum
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defect in septum secundum?
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Foramen ovale to allow right to left flow during fetal life.
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fixed wide splitting of S2, with a systolic ejection murmur over pulmonic area in child?
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ASD
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which way does the muscular septum grow?
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up towards the endocardial cushings
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what grows down toward the muscular septum that failed to grow to the endocardial cushings?
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membranous intraventricular septum
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An easily fatiguable child with a harsh holosystolic murmur heard best at tricuspid area?
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VSD
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what seperates the truncus arteriosus?
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aorticopumonary septum derived from NC cells
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what is persistent truncus arteriosus?
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abnormal migration of NC cells not forming the Aorticopulmonary septum.
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right to left shunt and early cyanosis in an infant DDX?
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DDX:
1. Persistant Truncus arteriosus: Failure of migration of NC cells to form Aorticopulmonary septum 2. Transposition of the great vessels: failure of spiral development of NC cells as they form the aorticopulmonary septum. Or |
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Anterior displacement of Aorticopulmonary septum?
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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4 abnormalities assoc. with tetralogy of fallot?
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P: pulmonic stenosis
R: right ventricular hypertrophy O: Over-riding Aorta V: VSD |
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Right to left shunt with early cyanosis DDX?
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1. persistant truncus arteriosus
2. transposition of the great vessels 3. tetralogy of fallot |
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what does fetal hemoglobin consist of ?
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2 alpha subunits and 2 gamma subunits
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what is the ductus venosus?
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fetal circulation bypass for the liver.
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what are the two ways fetal blood can bypass the pulmonary circulation?
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IVC = R atria= foramen ovale= body
or IVC = R atria = R ventricle = pulmonary trunk = PDA = body |
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During fetal life which side of the heart is higher pressure?
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Right due to increased pulmonary resistance allowing R = L shunt.
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what closes the PDA after birth?
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falling levels of prostaglandins subsequent to increased O2 levels in circulation
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what drug will close the PDA after birth?
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Indomethacin
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what can keep the PDA open after birth?
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exogenous prostaglandins
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where does deoxygenated blood leave the fetal circulation?
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via the umbilical arteries that come off of the internal iliac arteries at the branch point from the external iliacs.
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Umbilical vein becomes?
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ligamentum teres hepatis
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umbilical arteries becomes
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medial umbilical ligaments
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ductus venosus becomes
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ligamentum venosum
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ductus arteriosus becomes
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ligamentum arteriosus
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1st aortic arch
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part of maxillary artery
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2nd aortic arch
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stapedial artery
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3rd aortic arch
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common carotid and proximal internal carotid artery
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4th aortic arch
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aortic arch and proximal part of right subclavian artery
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5th aortic arch
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nothing
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6th aortic arch
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proximal pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus
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Elevate BP in arms decreased BP in legs with weak or absent femoral pulse.
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post ductal coarctation of aorta
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what are the 5T's of early cyanosis?
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1. Truncus ateriosus
2. Transposition of the great vessels 3. Tetralogy of Fallot 4. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return: when all 4 pulmonary veins are malpositioned returning oxygenated blood to random places except the left ventricle 5. Tricuspid atresia |
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DDX for late cyanosis due to L to R shunt?
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VSD
ASD PDA |
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What is Eisenmengers syndrome?
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when starting with a L-R shunt causes increased flow through pulmonary circulation it responds by becoming hypertrophic or fibrotic. this increased resistance causes RV hypertrophy and eventually Right ventricular pressure is higher than LV causing a R-L shunt
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Cardiac defect with 22q11 deletion?
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Truncus arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot |
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Down's syndrome cardiac defect?
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VSD
ASD |
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Turners Syndrome Cardiac defect?
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Coarctation of aorta
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Offspring of diabetic mother Cardiac defect?
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Transposition of great vessels
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if you have mitral valve insufficiency you may get?
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LA enlargement which can cause dysphagia
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what epithelium forms the endocardium?
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simple squam epithelium (endothelium)
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what are the two layers of the pericardium?
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outer fibrous and inner serous
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what does the fibrous pericardium do?
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a connective tissue that tethers the heart anteriorly to the sternum and inferiorly to the diaphragm by its central tendon
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what does the serous pericardium do?
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the parietal layer runs internally to the fibrous pericardium and the visceral layer lays on the heart and contains the coronary vessels.
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ECG shows electrical alternans, you see distended neck veins, and palpate pulsas paradoxus, and a decreased MAP?
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Cardiac tamponade, blood in pericardial sac leads to decreased flow into heart from SVC = distended veins. Electrical alternans are alternating high and low qrs complexes, and pulses paradoxus is decrease of more than 10mm Hg upon inspiration. you can ascultate heart sounds on inspiration but not feel a radial pulse during inspiration
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