Cardiovascular

Front 1

What sound murmur indicated blood flowing the wrong way across valves?

Back 1

BLOWING MURMUR

Front 2

What sound murmur indicated blood hitting tissue, such as a stenotic valve?

Back 2

HARSH MURMUR

Front 3

What type of murmurs are heard best at the 2nd right intercostal space?

Back 3

AORTIC

Front 4

What type of murmurs are heard best at the apex of the heart (and often refers to the L axilla) ?

Back 4

MITRAL

Front 5

Phase of the cardiac cycle where the LV is pumping blood out (mitral valve closes and aortic valve opens)?

Back 5

SYSTOLE

Front 6

Harsh systolic murmur due to age (calcification or congenital bicuspid valve?

Back 6

Aortic stenosis

Front 7

Blowing diastolic murmur due to luetic aneurysm, chronic HTN, dissecting aortic aneurysm, ankylosing spondylitis?

Back 7

Aortic Regurgitation

Front 8

harsh diastolic murmur due to rheumatic heart disease?

Back 8

Mitral stenosis

Front 9

blowing systolic murmur due to advanced MVP, rheumatic heart disease, damage from infectious endocarditis, papillary muscle rupture secondary to MI, CHF

Back 9

mitral regurgitation

Front 10

midsystolic click; common with Marfan's syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and Fragile X syndrome

Back 10

Mitral valve prolapse

Front 11

What are the 3 ACYANOTIC congenital heart defects?

Back 11

VSD, ASD, and PDA

Front 12

What are the two types of ASD's?

Back 12

ostium primum and ostium secundum

Front 13

Type of ASD that is next to AV valve?

Back 13

ostium primum

Front 14

Type of ASD that is comprised of a fenestrated ovale fossa?

Back 14

ostium secundum

Front 15

What type of ASD accounts for 90% of them?

Back 15

ostium secundum

Front 16

What cyanotic congenital heart defect is comprised of VSD, subpulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy?

Back 16

Tetralogy of Fallot

Front 17

What is it called when the aorta connects to RV and pulmonary artery connects to LV?

Back 17

Transposition of great vessels

Front 18

What is the syndrome where you have reversal of a L to R shunt (such as VSD) to a R to L shunt (secondary to eventual development of pulm. HTN)

Back 18

Eisenmenger's Syndrome

Front 19

This type of congenital heart defects are all inherited

Back 19

Obstructive

Front 20

What type of coarctation of the aorta is preductal?

Back 20

INFANT

Front 21

What type of coarctation of the aorta is postductal?

Back 21

ADULT

Front 22

Form of ischemic heart disease that occurs due to a coronary artery spasm?

Back 22

Prinzmetal's angina

Front 23

Form of ischemic heart disease that disrupts plaque followed by formation of a platelet clot and causes spontaneous chest pain?

Back 23

Unstable angina

Front 24

Form of ischemic heart disease where the atherosclerotic plaque is unchanged and results in chest pain commonly during exercise, sex, and arguing

Back 24

Stable angina

Front 25

Ischemic heart disease where plaque is disrupted, followed by formation of a thrombosis, resulting in an occlusive platelet thrombus that sticks around long enough to cause infarction

Back 25

Myocardial infarction

Front 26

Name the kind of myocardial infarction that is non-Q wave NSTEMI and affects the inner 1/3 to 1/2 of the wall?

Back 26

SUBENDOCARDIAL

Front 27

Is a TRANSMURAL infarction non-Q wave or Q-wave and is it NSTEMI or STEMI?

Back 27

Q wave and STEMI

Front 28

When there is pathology at the surface of the heart can you expect to see non-ST elevation of ST elevation?

Back 28

ST segment ELEVATION

Front 29

In what circumstance will you see labs that are (+) for troponin in the blood?

Back 29

When there is cardiac cell death; Non-Q wave MI and Q-wave MI

Front 30

What two types of ischemic heart disease get pain relief from nitroglycerine?

Back 30

stable angina and prinzmetal's angina

Front 31

What three ischemic disorders will result in elevated CK-total, CK-MB?

Back 31

unstable angina, Non-Q wave MI, and Q-wave MI

Front 32

Will you see ST segment elevation with Prinzmetal's angina?

Back 32

YES

Front 33

Unstable angina, non-Q wave MI, and Q-wave MI are collectively known as what?

Back 33

acute cornonary syndromes

Front 34

Acute coronary syndromes are given these 3 things:

Back 34

IV heparin, Beta blockers, and IV nitroglycerin

Front 35

What is the first line therapy to adminiter in the ER when a patient has chest pain suspected to be due to cardiac pathology?

Back 35

MONA
morphine
O2
nitroglycerine
aspirin

Front 36

How long does it take dead cardiac tissue from an MI to turn into scar tissue?

Back 36

8 weeks

Front 37

What is it called when there is inadequate cardiac output due to taxing the heart too heavily?

Back 37

heart failure

Front 38

Signs and symptoms of L sided heart failure?

Back 38

dyspnea, orthopnea, fatigue

Front 39

signs and symptoms of R sided heart failure?

Back 39

ankle edema and jugular venous distention

Front 40

What is the result of R-sided heart failure?

Back 40

peripheral edema and nutmeg liver

Front 41

what is the result of Left-sided heart failure?

Back 41

pulm. edema and fluid overload

Front 42

Is RAAS activated in L or R-sided heart failure?

Back 42

Left-sided heart failure; secondary to inadequate renal perfusion

Front 43

This type of endocarditis leads to vegetations made by thrombotic debris and organisms?

Back 43

Infective endocarditis

Front 44

Skin microbes (2) that cause acute infective endocarditis?

Back 44

Staphylococcus aureus and
streptococcus spp.

Front 45

Acute Infective endocarditis is most common in these two patient populations?

Back 45

diabetics and IV drug users

Front 46

Acute Infective Endocarditis only occurs in those with prior valve pathology.
TRUE or FALSE?

Back 46

FALSE;
no prior valvular pathology needs to be present

Front 47

Two common organisms that cause Subacute Infective Endocarditis? (from the bowel)

Back 47

Escherichia coli and other gram negative bacteria

Front 48

What are the 3 types of non-infective endocarditis?

Back 48

Acute Rheumatic fever, marantic endocarditis, and Libman-Sacks Endocarditis

Front 49

This non-infective endocarditis follows a previous streptococcus pyogenes infection and results in severe mitral valve damage

Back 49

Acute Rheumatic fever

Front 50

There is a higher risk of marantic endocarditis in those with severe or chronic illness, especially what?

Back 50

Adenocarcinoma

Front 51

This type of endocarditis only occurs in SLE patients and is comprised of Ag-Ab complexes causing severe valve damage

Back 51

Libman-Sacks Endocarditis

Front 52

What is the #1 type of Pericarditis in the world?

Back 52

fibrinous

Front 53

This type of pericarditis is due to transmural MI or Dressler syndrome?

Back 53

Fibrinous

Front 54

What is the #1 type of pericarditis in the US and what is it due to (6)?

Back 54

Serous;
due to coxsackie's B virus, uremia, acute rheumatic fever, scleroderma, rheumatic heart disease, and SLE

Front 55

This pericarditis is due to direct invasion by organisms; usually strep. penumoniae or staph. aureus)

Back 55

suppurative

Front 56

term for fluid in the pericardial sac

Back 56

pericardial effusion

Front 57

collapse of chambers of the heart due to outside forces compressing the heart is called what?

Back 57

tamponade

Front 58

molecular mimicry with this type of hypersensitivity cause acute rheumatic fever

Back 58

Type II hypersensitivity

Front 59

Acute pheumatic fever follows infection with what?

Back 59

streptococcus pyogenes

Front 60

What are the MAJOR Jones criteria?

Back 60

migratory polyarthritis
carditis
sydenham's chorea
subcutaneous nodules
eruthema marginatum

Front 61

What finding is histologically characteristic of Acute Rheumatic Fever?

Back 61

Aschoff Body