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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What sound murmur indicated blood flowing the wrong way across valves?
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BLOWING MURMUR
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What sound murmur indicated blood hitting tissue, such as a stenotic valve?
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HARSH MURMUR
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What type of murmurs are heard best at the 2nd right intercostal space?
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AORTIC
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What type of murmurs are heard best at the apex of the heart (and often refers to the L axilla) ?
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MITRAL
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Phase of the cardiac cycle where the LV is pumping blood out (mitral valve closes and aortic valve opens)?
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SYSTOLE
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Harsh systolic murmur due to age (calcification or congenital bicuspid valve?
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Aortic stenosis
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Blowing diastolic murmur due to luetic aneurysm, chronic HTN, dissecting aortic aneurysm, ankylosing spondylitis?
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Aortic Regurgitation
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harsh diastolic murmur due to rheumatic heart disease?
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Mitral stenosis
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blowing systolic murmur due to advanced MVP, rheumatic heart disease, damage from infectious endocarditis, papillary muscle rupture secondary to MI, CHF
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mitral regurgitation
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midsystolic click; common with Marfan's syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and Fragile X syndrome
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Mitral valve prolapse
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What are the 3 ACYANOTIC congenital heart defects?
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VSD, ASD, and PDA
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What are the two types of ASD's?
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ostium primum and ostium secundum
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Type of ASD that is next to AV valve?
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ostium primum
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Type of ASD that is comprised of a fenestrated ovale fossa?
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ostium secundum
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What type of ASD accounts for 90% of them?
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ostium secundum
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What cyanotic congenital heart defect is comprised of VSD, subpulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy?
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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What is it called when the aorta connects to RV and pulmonary artery connects to LV?
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Transposition of great vessels
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What is the syndrome where you have reversal of a L to R shunt (such as VSD) to a R to L shunt (secondary to eventual development of pulm. HTN)
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Eisenmenger's Syndrome
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This type of congenital heart defects are all inherited
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Obstructive
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What type of coarctation of the aorta is preductal?
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INFANT
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What type of coarctation of the aorta is postductal?
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ADULT
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Form of ischemic heart disease that occurs due to a coronary artery spasm?
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Prinzmetal's angina
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Form of ischemic heart disease that disrupts plaque followed by formation of a platelet clot and causes spontaneous chest pain?
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Unstable angina
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Form of ischemic heart disease where the atherosclerotic plaque is unchanged and results in chest pain commonly during exercise, sex, and arguing
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Stable angina
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Ischemic heart disease where plaque is disrupted, followed by formation of a thrombosis, resulting in an occlusive platelet thrombus that sticks around long enough to cause infarction
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Myocardial infarction
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Name the kind of myocardial infarction that is non-Q wave NSTEMI and affects the inner 1/3 to 1/2 of the wall?
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SUBENDOCARDIAL
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Is a TRANSMURAL infarction non-Q wave or Q-wave and is it NSTEMI or STEMI?
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Q wave and STEMI
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When there is pathology at the surface of the heart can you expect to see non-ST elevation of ST elevation?
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ST segment ELEVATION
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In what circumstance will you see labs that are (+) for troponin in the blood?
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When there is cardiac cell death; Non-Q wave MI and Q-wave MI
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What two types of ischemic heart disease get pain relief from nitroglycerine?
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stable angina and prinzmetal's angina
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What three ischemic disorders will result in elevated CK-total, CK-MB?
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unstable angina, Non-Q wave MI, and Q-wave MI
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Will you see ST segment elevation with Prinzmetal's angina?
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YES
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Unstable angina, non-Q wave MI, and Q-wave MI are collectively known as what?
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acute cornonary syndromes
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Acute coronary syndromes are given these 3 things:
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IV heparin, Beta blockers, and IV nitroglycerin
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What is the first line therapy to adminiter in the ER when a patient has chest pain suspected to be due to cardiac pathology?
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MONA
morphine O2 nitroglycerine aspirin |
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How long does it take dead cardiac tissue from an MI to turn into scar tissue?
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8 weeks
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What is it called when there is inadequate cardiac output due to taxing the heart too heavily?
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heart failure
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Signs and symptoms of L sided heart failure?
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dyspnea, orthopnea, fatigue
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signs and symptoms of R sided heart failure?
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ankle edema and jugular venous distention
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What is the result of R-sided heart failure?
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peripheral edema and nutmeg liver
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what is the result of Left-sided heart failure?
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pulm. edema and fluid overload
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Is RAAS activated in L or R-sided heart failure?
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Left-sided heart failure; secondary to inadequate renal perfusion
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This type of endocarditis leads to vegetations made by thrombotic debris and organisms?
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Infective endocarditis
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Skin microbes (2) that cause acute infective endocarditis?
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Staphylococcus aureus and
streptococcus spp. |
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Acute Infective endocarditis is most common in these two patient populations?
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diabetics and IV drug users
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Acute Infective Endocarditis only occurs in those with prior valve pathology.
TRUE or FALSE? |
FALSE;
no prior valvular pathology needs to be present |
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Two common organisms that cause Subacute Infective Endocarditis? (from the bowel)
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Escherichia coli and other gram negative bacteria
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What are the 3 types of non-infective endocarditis?
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Acute Rheumatic fever, marantic endocarditis, and Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
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This non-infective endocarditis follows a previous streptococcus pyogenes infection and results in severe mitral valve damage
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Acute Rheumatic fever
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There is a higher risk of marantic endocarditis in those with severe or chronic illness, especially what?
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Adenocarcinoma
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This type of endocarditis only occurs in SLE patients and is comprised of Ag-Ab complexes causing severe valve damage
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Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
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What is the #1 type of Pericarditis in the world?
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fibrinous
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This type of pericarditis is due to transmural MI or Dressler syndrome?
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Fibrinous
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What is the #1 type of pericarditis in the US and what is it due to (6)?
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Serous;
due to coxsackie's B virus, uremia, acute rheumatic fever, scleroderma, rheumatic heart disease, and SLE |
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This pericarditis is due to direct invasion by organisms; usually strep. penumoniae or staph. aureus)
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suppurative
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term for fluid in the pericardial sac
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pericardial effusion
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collapse of chambers of the heart due to outside forces compressing the heart is called what?
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tamponade
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molecular mimicry with this type of hypersensitivity cause acute rheumatic fever
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Type II hypersensitivity
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Acute pheumatic fever follows infection with what?
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streptococcus pyogenes
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What are the MAJOR Jones criteria?
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migratory polyarthritis
carditis sydenham's chorea subcutaneous nodules eruthema marginatum |
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What finding is histologically characteristic of Acute Rheumatic Fever?
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Aschoff Body
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