Cardiopulmunary #1 Notes For Test #1

Front 1

Heart enclosed in fibrous protective sac called ________________.
Heart muscle referred to as________ ;

Back 1

Pericardium,myocardium,

Front 2

The inner surface of myocardium lined with smooth epithelial tissue called ________________ (allows blood to pass chamber without damage to RBC).

Back 2

Endocardium

Front 3

What does the right atrium do?

Back 3

receives blood from the systemic circulation. Blood arrives through inferior and superior vena cava

Front 4

What does the right ventricle do?

Back 4

Receives blood from right atrium through tricuspid valve. Pumps blood through semi-lunar valve to lungs

Front 5

What does the left atrium do?

Back 5

Receives oxygenated blood through 4 openings (pulmonary veins) from lungs

Front 6

What does the left ventricle do?

Back 6

Receives blood from left atrium through biscupid (mitral) valve. Pushes blood to body through aortic valve.

Front 7

What does the right coronary artery do?

Back 7

supplies right ____atrium___, right ventricle, _inferior___ wall of left ventricle, AV node, bundle of His & SA node (60% of the time)

Front 8

What does the left coronary artery branch into?

Back 8

circumflex branch & LAD (left anterior descending) - supplies left __Ventricle____, interventricular septum, and right ventricle.

Front 9

Circulation to heart occurs during diastole or systole?

Back 9

diastole

Front 10

Heart well suited for aerobic?

Back 10

Metabolism

Front 11

the principle source of energy production is oxidation of what?

Back 11

free fatty acids

Front 12

At rest, heart extracts approximately ___ of O2 delivered by arteries.

Back 12

70%

Front 13

During increased work - increased demand for O2 is met by increasing blood flow due to ________ of coronary vessels.

Back 13

dilation

Front 14

Sinoatrial node (SA) has

Back 14

sympathetic & parasympathetic innervation (under control of parasympathetic at rest).

Front 15

Atrioventricular node (AV) does what?

Back 15

receives impulses from SA node and conducts it to bundle of HIS.

Front 16

The AV node can act as a heart pacemaker if what fails?

Back 16

SA node

Front 17

T/F the AV node is innervated by parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves

Back 17

True

Front 18

What is Purkinje tissue?

Back 18

specialized conducting tissue to both ventricles

Front 19

Electrical impulse that causes heart beat ____ in SA node.

Back 19

originates

Front 20

Impulse spreads quickly through both atria which ______ simultaneously.

Back 20

contracts

Front 21

This impulse then stimulates AV node which transmits impulse down bundle of His to Purkinje fibers - causing simultaneous ___ contraction.

Back 21

ventricle

Front 22

- stimulation of parasympathetic nerves causes release of acetylcholine which ___ the heart rate and ____ force of contraction

Back 22

slows, decreases

Front 23

Parasympathetic center causes coronary arteries to ____.

Back 23

dialte

Front 24

- at rest, the heart is under continuous _____ control.

Back 24

parasympathetic

Front 25

Sympathetic center - stimulation causes ____ heart rate & force of contraction and the chemical mediator is _____ .

Back 25

an increase, norepinephrine

Front 26

Pressure receptors (_______) in aorta and carotid sinus sensitive to pressure changes.

Back 26

baroreceptors

Front 27

increased pressure stimulates parasympathetic system resulting in _____ heart rate and force of contraction.

Back 27

decreased

Front 28

What is sensitive to changes in levels of O2, CO2 and lactic acid in the blood?

Back 28

Chemoreceptors

Front 29

increased ____ and or ____ cause increased heart rate.

Back 29

CO2, Lactic ACID

Front 30

increased body temperature causes?

Back 30

increased heart rate

Front 31

decrease body temperature causes decrease?

Back 31

heart rate

Front 32

1.increased levels of potassium (hyperkalemia) does what? and 2.decreased levels of potassium (hypokalemia) does what?

Back 32

1.decreases heart rate and force of contraction, and 2.increased heart rate and force of contraction

Front 33

1.Increased calcium in the heart does what and 2.decreased calcium does what?

Back 33

increases the heart rate prolongs the contractions, decreases the heart rate

Front 34

Blood flows from area of higher pressure to area of lower pressure, or lower area of pressure to higher area of pressure?

Back 34

From high to low

Front 35

What is blood pressure? Dr. mac said it was going to be a test question.

Back 35

pressure exerted by blood against walls of vessels. Greatest during systole (contraction ventricles). Least during diastole (relaxation of ventricles). Heart muscle receives its blood supply from coronary artery which comes from the aorta

Front 36

What are the systolic and diastolic averages for blood pressure?

Back 36

Systolic averages = 90 to 120 mm Hg
Diastolic averages = 60 to 90 mm Hg

Front 37

What is abnormal for systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Back 37

Systolic above 140 is abnormal
Diastolic above 100 is abnormal

Front 38

Blood pressure varies with?

Back 38

age emotional states and exercise

Front 39

Cardiac output is?

Back 39

Amount of blood ejected from heart per minute

Front 40

Cardiac output is dependent on what?

Back 40

heart rate & stroke volume

Front 41

What is stroke volume?

Back 41

amount of blood ejected per ___beat__).

Front 42

Stroke volume depends on?

Back 42

force of contraction of left ventricle

Front 43

Stroke volume regulated by?

Back 43

ratio of sympathetic to parasympathetic impulses to heart

Front 44

Sympathetic nervous system does what to the heart?

Back 44

increase in contraction and increased stroke volume.

Front 45

Parasympathetic does what?

Back 45

decreased contraction and decreased stroke volume

Front 46

Main control of heart rate is by?

Back 46

baroreceptors

Front 47

Increased pressure caused by baroreceptors does what?

Back 47

decreased heart rate.

Front 48

Decreased pressure caused by baroreceptors does what?

Back 48

increased heart rate.

Front 49

Anxiety, anger and fear increases or decreases heart rate?

Back 49

increases

Front 50

Grief increases or decreases heart rate?

Back 50

decreases