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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cardiac output according to Frick Principle:
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Output (Q) = Oxygen consumption divided by (Pulmonary venous oxy concentration minus Pulmonary artery oxy concentration)
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Cardiac output using the dye method:
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Output (Q) = Amt of dye injected divided by [Avg dye (c) * (t2 - t1)]
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Cardiac output using echo Doppler method:
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Output (Q) = Cross sectional area of the aorta multiplied by velocity of blood flow
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Give equation for stroke work:
(Area under pressure-volume curve) |
Stroke volume multiplied by mean systolic ventricular pressure*
* Could use mean arterial pressure instead |
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What is stroke volume?
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End diastolic volume minus end systolic volume
On the pressure-volume curve, this is represented as point C minus point A |
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How do you estimate the energy requirement of cardiac work?
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Multiply heart rate by mean arterial pressure
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What are the correct units to use when measuring cardiac output?
A. mL/sec B. mg/sec C. mg/min D. L/sec E. L/min |
E
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(T/F) Blood flow and blood velocity can be used interchangeably:
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NO NO NO NO NO NO
(false) |
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Relate the velocity of blood in terms of flow and cross sectional area:
(This is an absolute k-n-o-w) |
Velocity of blood = Flow of blood DIVIDED BY cross sectional area
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Relate the flow of blood in terms of pressure and resistance:
(This is an absolute k-n-o-w) |
Flow (Q) = Change in pressure DIVIDED BY resistance
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According to Poiseuille's law, how does flow relate to blood viscosity?
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Flow is inversely proportional to viscosity
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According to Poiseuille's law, how does blood flow relate to the radius of a blood vessel?
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Blood flow is proportional to the radius to the power of 4!
In other words, doubling the radius would increase the flow by a factor of 16! |
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Explain how arthrosclerosis leads to an increased P-Lat:
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Arthrosclerosis leads to a narrowing of the arteries…. This decreases the cross sectional area which leads to an increase in velocity.
Increase in velocity implies higher P-dyn, thus P-Lat must drop |
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What is the relationship between resistance and radius of a vessel?
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Resistance is INVERSELY proportional to the radius^4.
In other words, cutting the radius in half will RAISE the resistance by a factor of 16 |
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What is the total resistance equal to when vessels are in series?
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Total Resistance equals the sum of the individual resistances of the vessels
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What is the total resistance equal to when vessels are arranged in parallel?
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1 divided by total resistance equals the sum of (1 divided by the resistance of each vessel).
1/Rtot = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 +…+ 1/Rx |
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How does the turbulence of blood flow relate to the velocity of blood flow?
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Higher velocity equals higher turbulence
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How does the turbulence of blood flow relate to the viscosity of blood.
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Inverse relationship: Making blood more sludgy (higher viscosity) will decrease the turbulence.
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What is the calculation for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
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MAP = Diastolic pressure + 1/3 times the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
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What is the equation for compliance?
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Change in volume divided by change in pressure
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Which of the following equations correctly relates mean arterial pressure (MAP), right atrial pressure (RAP), total periph resistance (TPR), and cardiac output (CO)? (This is a k-n-o-w)
A. TPR = (MAP - RAP) / CO B. MAP = (TPR - RAP) / CO C. CO = (MAP - TPR) / RAP D. TPR = (RAP - MAP) / CO E. TPR = CO / (MAP - RAP) |
A is correct.
Can be re-written as: (MAP - RAP) = CO X TPR |
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Because I missed it on the practice questions....
If given a BP, HR, and Cardiac Output, how would you calculate stroke work? |
Stroke work = Stroke volume times mean systolic ventricular pressure (or MAP)
To get stroke volume, divide cardiac output by heart rate since HR * Stroke Vol = Cardiac Output |
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How do you calculate cardiac output given a heart rate and stroke volume?
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Cardiac Output = Heart Rate * Stroke Volume
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