Cardio Vascular

Front 1

Name the 2 Circulatory Systems in the body.

Back 1

Pulmonary (right heart)

Systemic (left heart)

Front 2

What are the 3 main components of the CardioVascular System?

Back 2

Heart

Circulatory System (pulmonary + systemic)

Blood

Front 3

What is "liquid tissue"?

Back 3

Blood

Front 4

What is Blood composed of? (3)

Back 4

RBC (erythrocytes)

Platelets (thrombocytes)

WBC (leukocytes

Front 5

Which Circulatory System is associated with deoxygenated blood?

Back 5

Pulmonary (right heart)

Front 6

Which Circulatory System is associated with low pressure and low resistance?

Back 6

Pulmonary (right heart)

Front 7

Which Circulatory System is associated with low oxygen saturation?

Back 7

Pulmonary (right heart)

Front 8

What is the normal Oxygen Saturation of the right side of the heart?

Back 8

75%

Front 9

Which Circulatory System pumps blood to the lungs where the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs?

Back 9

Pulmonary (right heart)

Front 10

Which Circulatory System is associated with inhalation and exhalation?

Back 10

Pulmonary (right heart)

Front 11

Oxygenated blood is pumped to the left heart via?

Back 11

4 Pulmonary Veins

Front 12

Where does the IVC and SVC drain blood into?

Back 12

Right Atrium

Front 13

True/False:

The Pulmonary System is a passive system with low resistance.

Back 13

True

Front 14

Blood flows from the RA through the TV into the RV where it then flows through the ___________________ into the ____________________.

Back 14

Pulmonic valve

Pulmonary artery

Front 15

Where does blood flow once it reaches the Pulmonary artery?

Back 15

through the right and left Pulmonary bifurcation to the Capillary Bed in the lungs

Front 16

From the Lungs, where does blood circulate to?

Back 16

through the Pulmonary Veins into the LA

*systemic system

Front 17

Blood from ALL systems flow into the ____________________.

Back 17

Right Atrium

Front 18

Right Atrial pressure is regulated by? (2)

Back 18

1. ability to pump blood out of the RA
2. tendency of blood to flow from the peripheral vessels into the RA
   

Front 19

What is considered the Central Venous Pressure?

Back 19

blood flow into the RA from all systems

Front 20

_______________ Right Atrial pressure weakens the heart.

Back 20

Elevated

Front 21

Name 3 causes of elevated Right Atrial pressure.

Back 21

increased blood volume

increased large vessel tone

dilatation of the arterioles

Front 22

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart is called?

Back 22

Cardiac Output

Front 23

Cardiac Output is dependent upon which 2 things?

Back 23

1. ability of the heart to pump
2. tendency of blood to flow into the heart from peripheral vessels

*what comes in, needs to go out

Front 24

Which Circulatory System is associated with the arteries and arterioles?

Back 24

Systemic (left heart)

Front 25

Which Circulatory System is associated with capillaries?

Back 25

Systemic (left heart)

Front 26

Which Circulatory System is associated with veins and venules?

Back 26

System (left heart)

Front 27

Which Circulatory System receives oxygenated blood from the Aorta?

Back 27

Systemic (left heart)

Front 28

True/False:

The Left Heart receives oxygenated blood from the Pulmonary Circulation and pumps it to the Systemic System.

Back 28

True

Front 29

Which Circulatory System is associated with high pressure and high resistance?

Back 29

Systemic (left heart)

Front 30

Which side of the heart has a high Oxygen Saturation of 95%?

Back 30

Left Heart

Front 31

The highest Oxygen Saturation is from the _________________ ____________.

Back 31

Pulmonary Veins

*coming from the lungs

Front 32

Which part of the Heart has the lowest Oxygen Saturation?

Back 32

Coronary Sinus

Front 33

True/False:

The Heart relies on a network of vessels that transport blood to and from the Heart and throughout the body.

Back 33

True

Front 34

Which vessels are considered the "exchange vessels"?

Back 34

Capillaries

Front 35

What are the main vessels of the Vascular System? (3)

Back 35

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

Front 36

The ________________ system assures that there is an adequate volume of blood at rest and with stress.

Back 36

Arterial system

Front 37

Tissues in the body during exercise demand approx _____-_____% more oxygen.

Back 37

20% -30%

Front 38

The ________________ system maintains adequate perfusion pressure at rest and with stress.

Back 38

Arterial system

Front 39

True/False:

Blood flow to each tissue is precisely controlled in relation to tissue needs.

Back 39

True

Front 40

When active, tissues need _____-_____ times the resting volume.

Back 40

20-30 times

Front 41

True/False:

Cardiac Output does not normally increase when a patient is active.

Back 41

True

Front 42

___________________ and Sympathetic Nervous System continually monitor tissue needs.

Back 42

MicroCirculation

Front 43

The Heart responds to returning venous blood flow by pumping it back into _________________.

Back 43

arteries

Front 44

_______________ _____________ is controlled by the sum of all the local tissues.

Back 44

Cardiac Output

Front 45

________________ ________________ needs help from the Nervous System to assure the required amount of blood is re-circulated.

Back 45

Cardiac Output

Front 46

The ______________ System takes over when tissue is not getting enough oxygen.

Back 46

Nervous System

Front 47

Arterial Pressure is controlled independent of which 2 factors?

Back 47

• local blood flow control
• Cardiac Output
  

Front 48

Within seconds of pressure dropping below Mean level of ___________ mmHg, the Nervous System makes changes to raise the pressure back to normal.

Back 48

100 mmHg

Front 49

What are 3 changes that the Nervous System makes to normalize a pressure that has dropped below 100 mmHg?

Back 49

increases force of pumping heart muscle

contraction of large venous reservoirs (IVC,SVC)

generalized constriction of arterioles

Front 50

If pressure drops below 100 mmHg, the kidneys over a long term will? (2)

Back 50

secrete pressure controlling hormones (angiotensin)

regulate blood volume

Front 51

A hormone the kidney secretes to regulate blood pressure and blood volume is called?

Back 51

Angiotensin

Front 52

What bifurcates into the right and left Common Iliac arteries at the level of L4?

Back 52

Abdominal Aorta

Front 53

The Common Carotid artery divides into?

Back 53

External Carotid artery

Internal Carotid artery

*they branch into the Circle of Willis

Front 54

What are the 4 branches of the Subclavian artery?

Back 54

Axillary (armpit)

Brachial

Radial (thumb)

Ulnar (pinky)

Front 55

Name the 3 arterial branches off of the Aortic Arch.

Back 55

1. Innominate (BrachioCephalic) (Rt CCA + Rt Subclavian)
   
2. Left CCA
3. Left Subclavian artery
   

Front 56

Inner most layer of a blood vessel is called?

Back 56

Intima (tunica interna)

Front 57

The Media layer of a blood vessel is the?

Back 57

muscle

Front 58

True/False:

The Media layer is thicker in Arteries compared to Veins.

Back 58

True

Front 59

The outermost layer of a blood vessel is called?

Back 59

Adventitia (tunica externa)

Front 60

What feeds a blood vessel?

Back 60

Vaso Vassorum

Front 61

True/False:

The Right and Left Common Iliac Veins join together at the level of L5 and form the IVC.

Back 61

True

Front 62

The IVC receives blood from which 3 organs/regions?

Back 62

Abdomen

Liver

Kidneys

Front 63

True/False:

There are two Innominate veins (right + left), and one Innominate artery (right).

Back 63

True

Front 64

The two Innominate Veins come together and form the ____________.

Back 64

SVC

Front 65

True/False:

Most veins contain valves.

Back 65

True

Front 66

The lumen of a vein is slightly dilated where there is a ______________.

Back 66

valve (sinus of the valve)

Front 67

True/False:

There are more valves in the calf, than there is in the thigh.

Back 67

True

*more veins in the calf than in the thigh

Front 68

True/False:

The valves in veins keep the blood flow in one direction, which helps against gravity and aids against regurge.

Back 68

True

Front 69

Venous valves are an extension of the ________________ layer.

Back 69

Intima layer

Front 70

Venous valves close when proximal pressure exceeds ______________ distal pressure.

Back 70

distal

Front 71

Every deep vein has an adjacent _______________ and ___________________.

Back 71

Artery

Nerve

Front 72

Below the knee and in the arms, the veins are _____________.

Back 72

paired

*2 veins with 1 artery

Front 73

True/False:

Above the knee and from the axila towards the neck there is one vein per artery.

Back 73

True