Cardio Vascular

Front 1

What is triangular in shape and comprises the anterior aspect of the Left Ventricle?

Back 1

Interventricular Septum

Front 2

What is the Interventricular Septum also known as?

Back 2

Anterior Left Ventricular Wall

Front 3

What are the 4 parts of the Interventricular Septum?

Back 3

1. Membranous
2. Inflow
3. Trabecular
4. Infundibular
   

Front 4

What is the Mitral Valve also known as?

Back 4

Bicuspid Valve

Front 5

Which Valve has unequally sized leaflets that are thicker than the Tricuspid Valve?

Back 5

Mitral Valve (Bicuspid Valve)

Front 6

Name the leaflets of the Mitral Valve.

Back 6

Anterior (anteromedial)

Posterior (posterolateral)

Front 7

Which Mitral Valve leaflet is the largest?

Back 7

Posterior (posterolateral)

Front 8

Which Valve is trapezoidal in shape and is continuous with the fibrous annular skeleton?

Back 8

Mitral Valve (Bicuspid Valve)

Front 9

Which Valve is anchored to paired Left Ventricle papillary muscles by the chordae tenidineae?

Back 9

Mitral Valve (Bicuspid Valve)

Front 10

What is another word used for tracing?

Back 10

Planimetry

Front 11

What is the the normal Left Atrial Pressure?

Back 11

2-12 mmHg

(10 mmHg -according to Steph)

Front 12

The 2-4 mm overlapping of the leaflets as they close is called the?

Back 12

Zona Coapta

Front 13

Which Valve lies at the Aortic Root?

Back 13

Aortic Valve

Front 14

Which Valve has 3 equally sized leaflets?

Back 14

Aortic Valve

Front 15

Name the 3 equally sized leaflets of the Aortic Valve.

Back 15

1. Right Coronary Cusp
2. Left Coronary Cusp
3. Non-Coronary Cusp (Posterior)
   

Front 16

The walls of the Aortic Root bulge outward adjacent to the the Aortic Cusps forming what?

Back 16

Sinuses of Valsalva

Front 17

What protects the Coronary Arteries when the Heart is in Left Ventricular Systole?

Back 17

Aortic Valve Leaflets (cusps)

Front 18

Which area of the Heart houses the Coronary Arteries?

Back 18

Aortic Root

Front 19

The center of the free edge of each cusp that ensures closure of the Aortic Valve, is called?

Back 19

Arantius' Nodule

*not seen on an echo

Front 20

Where does the Ascending Aorta come off from?

Back 20

Left Ventricle

Front 21

Name the 3 branches of the Aortic Arch in ascending order.

Back 21

1. Innominate (Brachiocephaloc) Artery
2. Left Common Carotid Artery
3. Left Subclavian Artery
   

Front 22

Name the 3 areas of the Aorta.

Back 22

Asceding Aorta

Aortic Arch

Descending Aorta

Front 23

Which part of the Heart acts as a reservoir for the potential energy produced by the Left Ventricle to aid in diastolic perfusion?

Back 23

Aorta

Front 24

What is the normal diameter range of the Aorta?

Back 24

2.5 - 3 cm

Front 25

Label the Aorta

Back 25

Front 26

Left and Right Coronary Arteries arise from the _____________________?

Back 26

Aortic Sinuses of Valsalva

Front 27

Which artery provides for 90% of the Left Ventricle?

Back 27

Left Main Coronary Artery

Front 28

Which Artery is considered the "Widow Maker"?

Back 28

Left Main Coronary Artery

Front 29

A blockage in which ARTERY can destroy the Left Ventricle and cause death?

Back 29

Left Main Coronary Artery

Front 30

What does the Left Main Coronary Artery branch into?

Back 30

Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD)

Circumflex Artery (CX)

Front 31

Which branch of the Left Main Coronary Artery extends down the anterior wall to the Left Ventricle Apex via the Anterior Interventricular sulcus (groove)?

Back 31

Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD)

Front 32

Which branch of the Left Main Coronary Artery continues laterally in the Atrioventricular groove?

Back 32

Circumflex Artery

Front 33

Which artery arises from the superior aspect of the Left Coronary Sinus of Valsalva?

Back 33

Left Main Coronary Artery

Front 34

Which ARTERY supplies most of the Left Ventricle?

Back 34

Left Coronary Artery

Front 35

What 3 areas of the Heart does the Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD) mainly feed?

Back 35

Anterior LV Wall

Anterior Septum

LV Apex

Front 36

What 2 areas of the Heart does the Circumflex Artery feed?

Back 36

Lateral Wall (anterolateral+inferolateral)

Posterior Wall

Front 37

Which artery arises form the superior aspect of the Right Coronary Sinus of Valsalva and extends inferomedially following the Atrioventricular groove (sulcus)?

Back 37

Right Coronary Artery

Front 38

What 5 areas of the Heart does the Right Coronary Artery supply blood to?

Back 38

Inferior Wall

Inferior Ventricular Septum

RV (RVOT, lateral RV, Anterior RV, Inferior)

SA Node

AV Node

Front 39

Which ARTERY supplies most of the Right Ventricle?

Back 39

Right Coronary Artery

Front 40

Which ARTERY branches into the Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)?

Back 40

Right Coronary Artery

Front 41

Which ARTERY supplies blood to the Inferior Left Ventricular Wall and Inferior Interventricular Septum?

Back 41

Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)

Front 42

Which ARTERY branches off of the Right Coronary Artery?

Back 42

Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)

Front 43

What is the Coronary Sinus also known as?

Back 43

Great Coronary Vein

Front 44

True/False:

The Left Ventricle is drained mainly by the Great Cardiac Vein.

Back 44

TRUE

Front 45

Which VEIN runs parallel to the Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD) joining the Posterior Cardiac Vein?

Back 45

Great Cardiac Vein

Front 46

Which 2 veins create the Coronary Sinus?

Back 46

Great Cardiac Vein

Posterior Cardiac Vein

Front 47

What is the term used to describe...

The body/system of names or terms in a particular field; terms referring to a similar subject.

Back 47

Nomenclature

Front 48

What are the standardized nomenclature (terminology) for tomographic planes?

Back 48

Short axis

Vertical long axis (2 chamber)

Horizontal long axis (4 chamber)

Front 49

From base to apex, the Left Ventricle is divided into 3 segments, which are?

Back 49

Basal (proximal)

Mid-cavity (middle)

Apical

Front 50

A term used to describe sedentary movement/thickening of a wall segment(s).

Back 50

Hypokinetic

Front 51

A term used to describe the loss of movement/thickening of a wall segment(s).

Back 51

Akinetic

Front 52

A term used to describe a wall segment(s) of the Heart that does not thicken and is instead pushed away by the opposing wall.

Back 52

Dyskinetic

Front 53

What is the AnteroLateral Wall of the LV fed by?

Back 53

Cx

LAD

Front 54

What is the Apex of the Heart fed by?

Back 54

LAD

Front 55

What is the IVS fed by?

Back 55

LAD

RCA

Front 56

What is the Lateral wall of the RV fed by?

Back 56

RCA

Front 57

What is the Anterior RVOT fed by?

Back 57

RCA

Front 58

What is the Anterior Septum (anterior LV wall) fed by?

Back 58

LAD

Front 59

What is the InferoLateral (Posterior Inferior) LV wall fed by?

Back 59

RCA

Cx

Front 60

What is the AnteroSeptal LV wall fed by?

Back 60

LAD

Front 61

What is the Anterior LV wall fed by?

Back 61

LAD

Front 62

What is the AnteroLateral LV wall fed by?

Back 62

LAD

Cx

Front 63

What is the InferoLateral LV wall fed by?

Back 63

RCA

Cx

Front 64

What is the Inferior LV wall fed by?

Back 64

PDA

Front 65

What is the InferoSeptal LV wall fed by?

Back 65

PDA

LAD

Front 66

What is the ONLY Bicuspid Valve in the Heart?

Back 66

Mitral Valve

Front 67

The Mitral Valve exists to separate _____________ for the greatest ________________________.

Back 67

High Pressure

Pressure Gradient (difference)

Front 68

What is the measurement of the Mitral Valve Orifice?

Back 68

4 - 6 cm sqd

Front 69

What is the Mitral Valve's normal VELOCITY?

Back 69

0.6 - 1.3 m/s

Front 70

What is the BEST METHOD to measure the Mitral Valve area (PSAX)?

Back 70

Planimetry

Front 71

True/False:

E Wave is always higher than A Wave.

Back 71

TRUE

Front 72

Measuring the tips of the Mitral Valve leaflets in PW Doppler gives you the Velocity of which 2 waves?

Back 72

E and A

Front 73

What are the Aortic Valve leaflets named after?

Back 73

Coronary Arteries

Front 74

What does the Aortic root house?

Back 74

Aortic Valve

Front 75

What is the normal Aortic Root measurement at End Diastole?

Back 75

2.0 - 3.7 cm

Front 76

What is the normal ACS? When should it be measured?

Back 76

1.5 - 2.6 cm

Early Systole

Front 77

What is the normal measurement of the Aortic Valve Orifice?

Back 77

> 2 cm sqd

Front 78

What is the normal Doppler measurement of the Aortic Valve?

Back 78

1.0 - 1.7 m/s

Front 79

Which area of the Heart does Coarchtation usually occur?

Back 79

Below (posterior) the Left Subclavian Coronary Artery in the Descending Aorta.

Front 80

If a patient presents with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve, which view is the BEST view to evaluate it?

Back 80

SupraSternal

Front 81

Name the Coronary Arteries in the Aortic Arch.

Back 81

BrachialCephalic (Innominate) Artery

Common Carotid (Right,Left)

Subclavian Artery (Right,Left)

Front 82

Which view do we evaluate for CoArchtation?

Back 82

SupraSternal

Front 83

If a patient presents with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve, what should they also be evaluated for?

Back 83

CoArchtation

Front 84

What is the closure position called of a Bicuspid Aortic Valve in M-Mode?

Back 84

Eccentric Closure

(not centered/off axis)

Front 85

What is the RVOT fed by?

Back 85

RCA

Front 86

What acts as a reservoir for the potential energy briefly produced by the LV to aid in DIASTOLIC perfusion?

Back 86

Aorta

(Large pressure gradient)

Front 87

What is considered the HEARTS circulatory system?

Back 87

Coronary Circulatory System

Front 88

What feeds the SA node and AV node?

Back 88

RCA

Front 89

Which arteries come off of the Left Main Coronary Artery?

Back 89

Left Cx and LAD

*Left Main Coronary Artery branches into the LCx and LAD

Front 90

Which Coronary Arteries arise from the Sinuses of Valsalva?

Back 90

Left Coronary Artery

Right Coronary Artery

Front 91

What is the Apex (left) of the LV fed by?

Back 91

LAD

Front 92

In which 2 views do we see the Anterior LV wall, which is fed by the LAD.

Back 92

2 chamber

3 chamber

Front 93

In which view do we see the Anterior Septum, which is fed by the LAD?

Back 93

4 chamber

Front 94

In which view do we see the AnteroLateral LV wall, which is fed by the Cx?

Back 94

4 chamber

Front 95

In which view do we see the InferoLateral wall, which is fed by the Cx?

Back 95

3 chamber

Front 96

Which artery branches off of the RCA?

Back 96

PDA

Front 97

Which artery feeds the Inferior LV wall?

Back 97

PDA

Front 98

Which is the ONLY view we see the Inferior LV wall, which is fed by the PDA?

Back 98

2 chamber