Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is Moncheberg medial sclerosis?
|
Muscular atery
calcified deposites normal with age |
|
|
What are the MC causes of endothelial injury, in the path of atherosclerosis?
|
hemodynamic disturbances (ostia and branch points)
hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
What are fatty streaks made of?
plaques? |
Streaks- foam cells
plaques- thicker, CT/cells/lipids |
|
|
What states are considered hypercoaguable?
|
genetic
bed rest CA MI/A Fib/ prostetic valves tissue injury smokers OC use sickle cell anemia cardiomegaly |
|
|
At what % occlusion is stable angina? unstable?
|
stable angina is 75%
unstable is 90% |
|
|
What is prinzmetal varient angina?
|
CA spasms, pain at rest, with ST elevation
d/t endothelial dysfunction |
|
|
What part of the heart is supplied by the LAD?
|
Anterior LV
apex Anterior 2/3 septum |
|
|
What part of the heart is supplied by the LCX?
|
Lateral LV
|
|
|
What part of the heart is supplied by the RCA?
|
RV free wall
Inferior/posterior LV Posterior 1/3 septum (R dom heart) |
|
|
When is perminent damage done during MI? necorosis?
|
Perm. 2-4 hours
necrosis 6 hours |
|
|
What is contraction band necrosis?
|
irreversibel damage then reprofusion
|
|
|
What microscopic changes occur in first 4 hours post MI?
|
None
|
|
|
What microscopic changes occur in4-12 hours post MI?
|
early coagulation necrosis
edema |
|
|
What microscopic changes occur in 12-24 hours post MI?
|
coagulation necrosis
contraction band necrosis neutrophil infiltrate begins pyknosis of nuclei |
|
|
What microscopic changes occur in 1-3 days post MI?
|
coagulation necrosis with loss of nuc and striation
neutraphil infiltration |
|
|
What microscopic changes occur in 3-7 days post MI?
|
disintigration of dead cells
early phagocytosis |
|
|
What microscopic changes occur in 7-10 days post MI?
|
phagocytosis
early gran tissue at edges |
|
|
What microscopic changes occur in 10-14 days post MI?
|
gran tissue with new vessel formation
|
|
|
What microscopic changes occur in 2-8 weeks post MI?
|
increased collagen
|
|
|
What microscopic changes occur in 8+ weeks post MI?
|
dense collagen scar
|
|
|
What is sudden cardiac death?
|
Unexpected cardiac death
-no sx HD or with in 1 hour of sx onset -usually d/t arrythmia |
|
|
What is cardiac syndrome x?
|
angina pain with exertion, ST depression with stress
-normal CA with no spasms may be d/t ischemia (increase SNS tone) or increased sensitivity to pain |
|
|
What is the dx criteria for HTN?
|
> 139/89
pre HTN >120/80 |
|
|
What is hyaline arteriosclerosis?
|
hyaline thickening and lumen narrowing with HTN
|
|
|
What is hyperplastic arteriorslcerosis?
|
Onion skin lesions, thick walls with narrow lumens
-sever or malignant HTN |
|
|
What is malignant HTN?
|
accelerated HTN
>200/120 |
|
|
WHat is aortic aneurysm vs disection?
|
Aneurysm is local, abnormal dilation of all layers
Disection is blood enters wall and goes between layers |
|
|
What is nepherosclerosis indicitve of?
|
HTN
-pitting/ fibrous coat |
|
|
What are pin point kidney hemmorhages indicitive of?
|
Malignant/accelerated HTN
|
|
|
What is the MC cause of primary intra-parenchymaal brain hemorrhages?
|
HTN
|
|
|
What are charcut-bouchard micro aneurysms?
|
seen in basal glanglia
chronic HTN |
|
|
What is sytolic HF?
|
poor CO or LV pump failure
-see dilated heart |
|
|
What is diastolic HF?
|
decreaed filling of LV, normal EF
-see small LV cavity- consentric hypertrpohy |
|
|
What can cause dyastolic HF?
|
LV hypertrophy (HTN)
myocardial fibrosis restrictive cardiomyopathy constricitve pericarditis |
|
|
What can cause systolic HF?
|
IHD
NTH A/M valve dz myocardial dz arrythmias/conduction issues |
|
|
What are heart failure cells?
|
Macrophages that engulf RBC in the intersitial areas of the lung--see with pulm edema and LHF
|
|
|
What is nutmeg liver associated with?
|
R HF (chronic congestion d/t back up of fluid)
|
|
|
What is the dx criteria for pulm HTN?
|
Mean pulm aterial pressure 1/4 of systemic
-normal is 1/8 or about 15mmHg |
|
|
Causes of acute pulm HTN?
|
****Pulm embolism
adult resp syndrome intrcranial pressure increase high altitude |
|
|
Causes of primary chronic pulm HTN?
|
rare
sportaic cases in women 20-40 familial with BMPR2 |
|
|
WHat is the result of a mutation in Bone Morphoenic protein R 2?
|
Pulm HTN
-normally it inhibits vascular muscle cell proliferation -with out it--get thick vasc |
|
|
What causes secondary chronic pulm HTN?
|
passive/venous PH (LV failure)
hyperkinetic (increaed blood flow, L -R shunt) obstructive PH (thrombus/emboli) Obliterative PH (destruction) Vasoscontricitve |
|
|
What is the MC cause of secondary chronic pulm HTN?
|
LV failure
Emphysema |
|
|
What type of pulm vascular pathology is reversible?
|
Muscularization
intimal proliferaiton intimal fibrosis |
|
|
WHat type of pulm vasclar pathology is irreversible?
|
Plexiform lesions
Dilated lesions Fibroid necrosis.arteritis |
|
|
WHat are plexiform lesions?
|
tufts of capilarry formation
network/mesh in the lumen |
