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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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regurgitant murmurs are:
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blowing
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3 sign or rib notching
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coarctation of the aorta
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water bottle or water balloon
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pericardial effusion
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TEE is best for:
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left atrial thrombi, prosthetic valve problem, vegetations, aortic dissection
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Young person with syncope consider
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HOCM: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
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Pulsus paradoxus is seen in:
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asthma and pericarditis
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Pulsus bisferiens is:
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2 systolic peaks
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Pulsus bisferiens is seen in:
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aortic stenosis
HOCM |
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Pulsus alternans is:
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Variable pulse pressure with regular rate
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Pulsus alternans is seen in:
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PVCs
Severe left ventricle disease of any cause |
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Pulsus tardus is:
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slow upswing of pulse
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Pulsus tardus is seen in:
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aortic stenosis
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Pulse asymmetry is seen in:
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aortic dissection
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HTN + Hypokalemia + low renin =
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Primary hyperaldosteronism
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Most sensitive and specific maker in ACS
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CKMB + Troponin I
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Right sided murmurs are louder with:
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Inspiration
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Left sided murmurs are louder with:
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Expiration
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Valve murmurs are increased with:
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increased flow across the valves
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Standing and Valsalva does what to murmurs?
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decreases valvular murmurs, except HOCM & MVP, because decreasing flow
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Squat, straight leg raise, and hand grip do what to murmurs?
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Increase valvular murmurs except for HOCM & MVP which increase
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To differentiate MVP from HCM, what do you do?
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Hand grip increases MVP while it decreases HOCM
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PDA is a _______-like murmur
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machinery
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A continuous roar can be a:
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normal venous hum
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WHolosystolic murmur can be caused by:
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the #1 cause of acute posterior Wall or papillary muscle ischemia
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Paradoxically split 2nd heart sounds
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aortic stenosis
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Boot shaped heart on x-ray
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tetralogy of Fallot or restrictive cardiomypoathy
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MVP has a:
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midsystolic click then late systolic murmur
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Most common valvular heart defect is:
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bicuspid aortic valve
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#1 cause of Aortic regurge and aortic stenosis is:
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bicuspid aortic valve
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#1 cause of mitral stenosis
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Rheumatic fever
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Causes of prolonged QT syndrome:
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congenital (Romano-Ward), Class 1 A and 3 – antiarrhythmics, Decreased K+, decreased Ca, decreased mag, liquid diet, pentamidine, macrolides,
trimethoprim sulfa, TCA |
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Fixed split S2
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atrial septal defect
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mid diastolic opening snap =
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mitral stenosis (rumbling)
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Square root sign =
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restrictive cardiomyopathy
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Most common arrhythmia in kids
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bradycardia (tx. = O2 - airway)
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How to tx a TET spell?
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Tetralogy of Fallot resulting in consequential acute hypoxia (tet spells), characterized by sudden cyanosis and syncope; tx with knees to chest & MSO4
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Q wave post MI =
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1 – 1/3 height R wave
2 – Wide > 0.03 mls 3 – Deep > 2 mv |
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Pericardial knock or Kussmaul's sign indicates:
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constrictive pericarditis
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Pansystolic murmur
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MTV
Mitral regurge Tricuspid regurge Ventral septal defect |
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Precordial murmurs =
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VSD & tricuspid stenosis
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Pulmonic Murmurs =
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PIPA
Pulmonic stenosis Innocent murmur PDA Atrial septal defect |
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Wide pulse pressure =
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Aortic regurge
PDA |
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Aortic murmur =
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AAA
Aortic Aortic stenosis Aortic regurge |
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Murmurs heard best at apex =
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Mitral regurge
Tricuspid regurge VSD Mitral stenosis Austin flint Tricuspid stenosis |
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Regurgitation =
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blowing
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3 blowing murmurs =
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aortic regurge
mitral regurge tricuspid regurge |
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Stenotic murmurs rumble except
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pulmonic and aortic stenosis
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diastolic murmurs =
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mitral stenosis
aortic regurge austin flint |
