Cardio

Front 1

causes of SBE

Back 1

strep viridans, group D strep (mutans), enteroccoi

Front 2

wolf parkinson white

Back 2

accessory pathway that leads to preexcitation of the ventricle, causing a slurring of the upstroke on the QRS complex (delta wave),

Front 3

contraction bands

Back 3

occur at edges of cells within 2-4 hours of MI secondary to repurfusion

Front 4

Eisenmenger's syndrome

Back 4

cyanosis and subsequent symptoms from a reversal of a left to right shunt to a right to left shunt, generally occurs because of a buildup of pressure in the pulmonary system

Front 5

Mobitz Type I

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defect in the AV node

Front 6

Mobitz Type II

Back 6

defect below the AV node (His-purkinje defect)

Front 7

beta blockers and renin

Back 7

JGA has Beta1 receptors, addition of beta blockers inhibits the release of renin

Front 8

Beta 1 selective blockers

Back 8

"A BEAM of Beta 1 blockers": Acebutolol, Betaxolol, Esmolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol

Front 9

paradoxical S2 splitting

Back 9

aortic stenosis or left bundle branch block, when the closing of the aortic valve is delayed

Front 10

widened S2 splitting

Back 10

pulmonic valve stenosis or right bundle branch block, there may be a delay in closing of the pulmonic valve

Front 11

valves and leaflets

Back 11

mitral = bicuspid, tricuspid, aortic = three cusps; pulmonary = three cusps

Front 12

arteriolar rarefaction

Back 12

dissolution and loss of arterioles - occurs secondary to sustained hypertension and causes a decrease in arteriolar density

Front 13

Ebstein's anomaly

Back 13

congenital heart defect in which the opening of the tricuspid valve is displaced towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart., associated with lithium use in utero

Front 14

loeffler endocarditis

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presence of endomyocardial fibrosis with myocyte necrosis and prominent eosinophilic infiltrate, appears to be the result of a direct toxicity to the heart by proteins in eosinophil granules designed to kill large parasites

Front 15

alcoholic cardiomyopathy

Back 15

dilated heart

Front 16

cardiac amyloidosis

Back 16

restrictive pattern, biopsy would show red extracellular deposits

Front 17

endocardial fibroelastosis

Back 17

potentially an effet of intrauterine infection (mumps?); endocardium thickens secondary to marked increase in fibrous and elastic tissue which may extend into the ventricle, see thick white endocardium. May see mural thrombi, flattened trabeculae, and abnormal (usually stenosed) valves; occurs in infantile and adolescent forms

Front 18

idiopathic subaortic stenosis

Back 18

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Front 19

coxsackie myocarditis

Back 19

flabby myocardium, patchy areas of hemorrhage, four chamber dilation, also see inflammation of pericardial membrane and potential friction rub

Front 20

fibrous bridging between thickened calcified leaflets

Back 20

valvular damage in rheumatic fever, "fishmouth" or "button hole" stenotic morphology

Front 21

ballooning of valve leaflets

Back 21

mitral valve prolapse

Front 22

irregular beads of calcification in annulus

Back 22

calcification of mitral annulus seen in elderly

Front 23

large bulky vegetation ith adjacent leaflet production

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acute bacterial endocarditis

Front 24

tiny vegetations along line of closure of valve leaflet

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marantic (nonbacterial thrombotic) endocarditis

Front 25

calcific aortic stenosis calcium salt composition

Back 25

calcium phosphate (result of dystrophic calcification)

Front 26

PFO

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most commonly found congenital heart disease in adults, atrial fibrillation is common as is a widesplit s2 and a systolic ejection murmur over the upper left sternal border

Front 27

papillary fibroelastoma

Back 27

non neoplastic, usually clinically silent, form from organized thrombi on endocardial surfaces of the mitral valve or left ventricular cavity, papillary structure with core of fibrous tissue lined by thicked endothelium

Front 28

nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis histology

Back 28

aggregated of fibrin (few inflammatory cells)

Front 29

PDA

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sixth aortic arch

Front 30

amount of oxygen heart normally uses in coronary circulation

Back 30

70%

Front 31

EKG leads

Back 31

inferior: II, III, aVF; septal: V1, V2; Anterior: V3, V4; lateral: I, aVL, V5, V6;

Front 32

one umbilical artery

Back 32

nonspecific but suggests an underlying CV abnormality

Front 33

two umbilical veins

Back 33

extremely rare, not associated with any CV abnormality

Front 34

best diuretic for pulmonary edema

Back 34

furosemide because it has vasorelaxing effects in the pulmonary vasculature

Front 35

coarctation and flow to lower body

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fully compensated coarctation --> flow in upper and lower body are equal but vascular resistance in lower body is lower

Front 36

amitriptyline SE

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arrhythmias

Front 37

hypertensive emergency firstline agent

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sodium nitroprusside, labetalol

Front 38

taussig-bing malformation

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aorta arises from right ventricle and pulmonary artery overrides a VSD

Front 39

infantile coarctation

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associated with PDA