Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Nursing Care of Clients w/ Cardiovascular Disorders
|
Alterations in cardiovascular function
-HTN -Angina -Acute Coronary Syndromes |
|
|
Pathophysiology Review
|
BP = CO x PVR (afterload, amount of force to push blood in circ)
CO = SV(amount of blood w/ ea. heartbeat) x HR -To increase CO, increase SV OR increase HR OR increase both! |
|
|
What causes HTN?
|
-Increased sympathetic (fight/flight) neural activity
-Increased angiotensin II activity & aldosterone excess -Reduced renal nephron function -Vascular remodeling (hypertrophy of muscle, decreased lumen size, artherosclerosis) -Genetic predisposition |
|
|
Why is HTN important?
|
-Premature cardiovascular dx
-Coronary heart dx (heart works against constricted vessels) -Heart failure -Stroke -Intracerebral hemorrhage -Chronic renal insufficiency & end-stage renal disease (renal system no longer creates low pressure system under increased pressure. Leaks protein in urine) -Acute, life-threatening emergency (Hypertensive Crisis: severe HA, blurred vision, dyspnea, heartburn symptoms but its really angina) |
|
|
Modifiable Risk Factors for HTN & Cardiovascular Dx
|
-Age
*>55 men, >65 women -Family Hx of CVD *<55 men, <65 women -Ethnicity *Africans have greater risk |
|
|
Prevalence of HTN
|
-increases w/ age
-increases w/ ethnicity -pregnancy, steroid use, smoking |
|
|
Modifiable Risk Factors for HTN & Cardiovascular Dx
|
-Metabolic Syndrome
*Obesity (BMI >30) *Diabetes *High BP *Elevated C-reactive protein (detects inflamm. in vascular system) *Elevated fibrinogen level (detects inflamm. in vascular system) |
|
|
What is C-reactive protein?
|
Since CRP is a marker of inflammation, its elevation may reflect a low level of inflammation that may manifest in the future in different ways. Most studies to date have focused on heart disease, but new research shows that having CRP in the high normal range may also be associated with other diseases such as colon cancer, complications of diabetes, and obesity.
Determine risk for cardio dx: range from <1.0 - 3.0 mg/L Fibrinogen may also be ordered to determine risk for cardiovascular dx. Do not want elevated levels. |
