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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heart location |
Thoracic cavity |
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Mediastinum location |
Between left and right lungs |
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Pericardial space location |
Inferior mediastinum |
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Heart is offset... |
Left of midline |
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On right heart should not pass... |
Midline |
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On left heart should not pass... |
Mid Clavicular line |
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Superior to inferior location |
From second intercostal space to interspace between fifth and sixth ribs |
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Base |
Top or superior area of heart |
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Location of the great vessels |
Base |
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The great vessels |
Superior and inferior vena cavas, aorta, and pulmonary trunk with arteries |
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Apex |
Inferior area of heart, inferior portion of the left ventricle and has a pulse that is felt at the 5-6 intercostal space at the left mid Clavicular line |
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Felt or |
Palpated |
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Pulse at apex |
Appical pulse |
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Chambers |
Hollow structers that hold blood |
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Upper chambers |
Atria |
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Lower chambers |
Ventricles |
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Blood enters heart |
Atria |
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Blood exits heart |
Ventricles |
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Walls or |
Septum |
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Atrioventricular septum |
Between Atria and ventricles |
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Interventricular septum |
Between left and right ventricles |
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Valves located in |
The septum |
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Atrioventricular valves located |
In atrioventricular septum |
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# of a.v. Valves |
2 |
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R- a.v. Valve |
Tricuspid valve |
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L- a.v. Valves |
Mitral valve |
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Semilunar valves location |
L and right ventricles |
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Semilunar valves |
Pulminary valve Aortic valve |
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Pulmonary valve location |
Right ventricle at base of pulmonary trunk |
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Aortic valve location |
Left ventricle at base of aorta |
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Pericardium |
Creates the pericardial space of heart |
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2 layers of pericardial membrane |
Visceral pericardium Parietal pericardium |
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Visceral pericardium |
Inner layer Close to heart |
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Parietal pericardium |
Away from heart Outer layer |
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Three layers of the heart |
Epicardium Miocardium Endocardium |
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Epicardium |
Outermost layer of heart Connective tissue that protects heart from friction |
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Miocardium |
Middle later of heart Heart muscle or heart itself Function is to contract and pump blood |
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Endocardium |
Inner most layer of heart Connective tissue that protects against friction of blood *lining on the inside of chambers |
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Circulation step one |
Deoxygenated blood returns to right atrium of heart through superior and inferior vena cavas |
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Circulation step 2 |
Deoxygenated blood fills right atrium then right atrium contracts pushing blood through tricuspid into right ventrical |
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Circulation step three |
Right ventricle fills, then pumps deoxygenated blood through right pulmonary valve into the pulmonary trunk |
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Circulation step four |
Deoxygenated blood in the pulmonary trunk then flows into the two left and right pulmonary arteries that will become smaller arterioles and then even smaller capillaries of the lungs At this point deoxygenated blood has been carried to the left and right lungs Diffusion will move CO2 out of capillary beds into alveoli Diffusion will move O2 out of alveoli into capillaries. This process is known as air gas exchange and takes place at the alveolar capillary beds. |
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Circulation step 5 |
Air blood gas exchange takes place at the lungs. Now the capillaries/vessels contain oxygenated blood |
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Circulation step 6 |
Oxegenated blood returns to the left atrium through the 2 left and 2 right pulmonary veins . Pulmonary veins then connect/empty into the left atrium at the pulmonary sinus: vascular sinus on posterior left atrium |
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Circulation step seven |
Blood fills left atrium then left atrium contracts pushing blood through mitral valve into left ventricle |
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Circulation step 8 |
Blood fills left ventricle, then left ventricle contracts pumping oxygenated blood through the aortic valve into the ascending aorta |
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Circulation step 9 |
Oxygenated blood is taken to the body tissues to supply oxygen |
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Circulation step 10 |
Oxygenated blood travels through many different arteries that branch and become smaller arterioles and then become capillaries and capilarie beds at tissues |
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Circulation step 11 |
Tissue capillary beds is the sight for tissue blood gas exchange. Arterioles to capillary beds carry oxygenated blood so oxygen will diffuse out of capillaries and into tissues. The tissues have elevated carbon dioxide from cellular desperation so it diffused out of tissue and into capillaries beds= deoxygenated blood |
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Circulation step 12 |
Capillary bed feed into small veins known as venicules that carry deoxygenated blood to large veins that empty into superior or inferior cena cava. |
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Capillary beds |
Net like net work of small arterioles or venuels that have sinus like points that allow gas diffusion at the tissue level |
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During inhalation... |
Alveoli fill with 02 |
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Arteries |
Always carry blood away from heart Have thicker walls= more or thicker smooth muscle Lumen does not have valves |
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Smooth muscle pushes blood... |
Better = increases pressure in the arteries |
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Veins |
Always carried blood toward heart Thinner walls = less smooth muscle = decrease pressure in veins Lumen has valves throughout The valves prevent backflow of blood that can result from low pressure |
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2 types of arteries |
Systemic arteries Pulmonarie arteries |
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Systemic arteries |
All carry oxygenated blood |
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Pulmonary arteries |
All carry deoxygenated blood |
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2 types of veins |
Systemic veins Pulmonary veins |
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Systemic veins |
Carry deoxygenated blood |
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Pulmonary veins |
All carry oxygenated blood |
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2 types of circulation |
Systemic circulation Pulmonary circulation |
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Systemic circulation |
Blood flow between heart and body tissues Left ventricle to body back to right atrium Tissue to capillary bed locations Tissue blood gas exchange Oxygen to tissues |
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Pulmonary circulation |
Blood flow between heart and lungs Right ventricle to lungs back to left atrium Alveolar capillary beds Air blood gas exchange in pulmonary circulation Oxygen to blood from air |
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Ventricles |
Pump blood away from heart |
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Atria |
Recives blood |
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Both atria |
Fill and empty at same time |
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Both ventricles |
Fill and empty at same time |
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As atria fill |
Ventricles empty
A.v valves are closed Semilunar valves are open |
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As atria empty |
Ventricles fill
A.v valves are open Semilunar valves are closed |
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Chamber volume is |
Same for both ventricle and atria |
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Heart valves |
Regulate movement of blood through the heart |
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A.v valves and swmilunar valve open and close base on |
Ventricular contraction |
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Systole |
Contraction |
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Diastole |
Relaxation |
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Ventricular contraction (systole) |
Closes AV valves opens semilunar valves |
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Ventricular relaxation (diastole) |
Opens AV valves Closes semilunar valves |
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Cuspids attach through |
Chorde tendine to papillary muscle |
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Pappliary muscle |
Muscular extensions of the ventricular muscle. Contract when ventricles contract pulling tension on the cuspids of the a.v valves preventing prolapse of the cuspids into the atria. |
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Heart sounds |
Caused by the closing of valves |
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2 heart sounds |
Lub Dub |
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Lub |
Closure of AV valves Ventricular contraction |
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Dub |
Closure if semilunar valves Ventricular diastole |
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Coronary circulation |
Blood to heart tissue to supply oxygen to tissue |
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L and right coronary arteries |
First branching of arteries off the aorta after it exits the left ventricle |
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Left and right coronary arteries branch... |
Off the anterior ascending aorta behind the pulmonary trunk and wrap around the side to the back of the heart in the atrio ventricular sulcus |
