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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Name the two layers of the pericardium?
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1)Visceral ( aka: epicardium )
2)Parietal |
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Name the 2 layers of the pericardium
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Visceral
Periental |
aka epicardium
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Give 4 functions of the Pericardium
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1)Holds heart in place
2)Prevents friction 3)Prevents bugling of ventricle 4)Prevent spread of infection from other organs |
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Name the 4 borders of the heart and structures that comprise each of the borders
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1)Right- RA
2)Inferior- RV & some of the LV 3)Left- LV & portion of LA 4)Superior- both atriums |
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Name the 3 layers of the heart
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1)Endocardium
2)Myocardium 3)Epicardium |
1)interior surface of chambers & heart valve
2)heart muscle layer 3)outermost layer |
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Name the 2 AV valves
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Tricuspid valve
Mitral/Bicspid valve |
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Name the 2 semilunar valves
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Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve |
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Name the 10 components of the impulse conduction system
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1)Sinoatrial (SA) Node
2a)Bachman's Bundle b)Thoral's Bundle c)Wenckeback's Bundle 3)Atrioventricular (AV) Node 4)Bundle of HIS 5)Right Bundle Branch (RBB) 6)Left Bundle Branch (LBB) 7)Anterior Superior Fascicle Branch 8)Posterior Inferior Fascicle Branch 9)Purkinje Fibers 10) Moderator Band |
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Name the 2 main coronary arteries
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Right coronary artery
Left coronary artery |
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Give 2 main branches of the Left Coronary Artery (LCA)
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1)Left Circumflex
2)Left Anterior Descending (LAD) |
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Give 3 main posterior branches of the Right Coronary Artery
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1)Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)
2)AV Nodal Artery 3)SA Nodal Artery |
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What artery supplies the anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum
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Left Anterior Descending (LAD)
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What artery supplies the anterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum
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Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)
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What is the normal resting membrane potential of cardiac myocyte ?
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-90mv
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What is the threshold membrane potential of cardiac myocyte ?
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-70mv
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Name the 3 phases of the pacemaker cell action potential
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Phase 3 "Repolarization"
Phase 0 "Depolarization Phase 4 "Spontaneous Diastolic Depolarization" |
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Describe the first phase of the pacemaker cell action potential
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-automaticity (intiated depolarization on their own)
-slow release of Na+ ions thru Na+ channel |
Phase 4 "Spontaneous Diastolic Depolarization"
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Describe the second phase of the pacemaker cell action potential
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-once cell reaches -40mv, threshold is reached, slow Ca++ channel open
-Na+ channels are closed |
Phase 0 "Upstroke" (depolarization)
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Describe the thrid phase of the pacemaker cell action potential
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-Ca++ channels are closed
-Na+ channels are closed -K+ channels open & K+ ions move into cell |
Phase 3 "Repolarization"
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Name the 5 phases involved in the cardiac myocyte action potential
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Phase 4 "Membrane Resting Potential" (MRP)
Phase 0 "Depolarization State" Phase 1 "Early Repolarization" Phase 2 "Plateau Phase" Phase 3 "Rapid Repolarization" |
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Which ion channel is responsible for the phase "rapid depolarization" of cardiac cell action potential?
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fast Na+ channel
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Name the 2 major extracellular Cations
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Na+ (Sodium)
Ca++ (Calcium) |
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What is the major intracellular Cation
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K+ (Potasium)
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What ion is responsible for phase 1 of cardiac cell action potential?
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K+ eflux
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What ion is responsible for phase 3 of cardiac cell action potential?
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K+ eflux
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What ion is responsible for phase 2 of cardiac cell action potential?
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K+ eflux
Ca++ influx |
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What is the resting membrane potential of a pacemaker cell action potential?
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-60mv
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What is the threshold membrane potential of a pacemaker cell action potential?
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-40mv
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What ion is responsible for Phase 4 "Spontaneous Diastolic Depolarization" of a pacemaker cell action potential?
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Na+ through slow Na+ release channel
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What ion is responsible for Phase 0 "Upstroke" (depolarization) of a pacemaker cell action potential?
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Ca+
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What ion is responsible for Phase 3 "Repolarization" of a pacemaker cell action potential?
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K+
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Define Effective refractory period
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No matter how strong the stimulus is, another action potential cannot be elicited
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Define Relative refractory period
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If the stimulus is stronger than normal stimulus, another action potential will be elicited
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Define the Supranormal period
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A less than normal stimulus may elicit another action potential
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What are the 3 main tributaries of the coronary sinus
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Great Cardiac Vein
Middle Cardiac Vein Small Cardiac Vein |
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What is the contractile unit of the cardiac cell?
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Sarcomere
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Name 2 contractile proteins responsible for myocardial contraction
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Actin
Myosin |
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Name 2 regulatory proteins involved in myocardial contraction
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Troponin (TnC, TnT, TnI)
Tropomyocin |
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Name the 3 sub-uints of Troponin
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TnC- Calcium
TnI- ATP Inhibitor TnT- binding site for Troponin |
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Describe the first step in the excitation-contraction coupling
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During Phase 2, Ca++ enters the cell through T tubules.
Presence of Ca++ initiates the release of more Ca++ into the Sarcoplasm by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum & Terminal Cisternae |
Calcium induced- calcium release
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Describe the second step in the excitation-contraction coupling
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Ca++ binds to TnC of Troponin on the Actin filament causing a change in confirmation of the tropomyosin molecule, uncovering the myosin binding site. TnI is inhibited, allowing the activation of ATPase in the myosin band
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Describe the thrid step in the excitation-contraction coupling
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Global heads of myosin binds to binding site of Actin filament
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Describe the fourth step in the excitation-contraction coupling
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Activated ATPase splits into ADP & iP, releasing energy. Myosin head contracts & bends resulting in the pulling of Actin filament closer to each other. Result is the shortening of sarcomere
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