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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cardiac Cycle
Rapid passive filling fills what percentage of the ventricles? |
75-80%
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Cardiac Cycle
Active filling (atrial contraction) fills what percentage of the ventricles? |
20-25%
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Cardiac Cycle
Rapid ejection empties __% of the ventricles within what time frame? |
70% within the first third of the ejection phase
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Cardiac Cycle
Slow ejection empties __% of the ventricles within what time frame? |
30% within the last 2/3 of the ejection phase
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What is stroke volume and what is the normal value?
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amount of blood ejected during each heart beat
NL: 70-100 ml/beat |
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What is end diastolic volume?
What is the normal value? |
volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (filling)
NL: 145 ml |
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What is end systolic volume?
What is the normal value? |
volume of blood in ventricles at end of systole (ejection)
NL: 65 ml |
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What is the formula for stroke volume?
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SV = EDV - ESV
stroke volume = end diastolic volume - end systolic volume (amount pumped = original amount - amount left after pumping) |
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What is ejection fraction?
What is the normal value? |
percent of blood ejected per heart beat
NL: 50-75% |
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What is the formula for ejection fraction?
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EF = [ (EDV - ESV) / EDV ] x 100
EF - ejection fraction EDV - end diastolic volume ESV - end systolic volume (%ejected = original amount minus the amount after pumping divided by original amount all multiplied by 100 for a percent) |
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What is cardiac output?
What is the normal value? |
amount of blood circulating in the body per minute
NL: 4 to 8 liters/min |
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What is the formula for cardiac output?
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CO = SV x HR
cardiac output = stroke volume multiplied by heart rate |
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Pressure is typically higher in ____ circulation.
systemic vs. pulmonary |
systemic
*pulmonary circulation pressure is about 20% of that of the systemic circulation pressure |
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What is the normal oxygen content for the systemic circulation?
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98%
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What is the normal oxygen content for the pulmonary circulation?
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75%
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What is the normal cardiac pressure of the RA?
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5 mm Hg
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What is the normal cardiac pressure of the LA?
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10 mm Hg
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What is the normal cardiac pressure of the RV?
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5 to 25 mm Hg
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What is the normal cardiac pressure of the LV?
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10-120 mm Hg
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What is the normal pressure of the pulmonary artery?
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25 mm Hg
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What is the normal pressure of the aortic root?
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80-120 mm Hg
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What is cardiac index?
What is the normal value? |
cardiac output adjusted for body surface area
NL: 2.8 to 4.2 L/min/meter squared |
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A cardiac index of less than 2.0 liters/min/m2 is considered...
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shock
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Cellular elements (erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes) make up what percentage of blood?
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45%
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Plasma makes up what percentage of blood?
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55%
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The left anterior descending coronary artery supplies which heart segments?
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LV anterior wall
RV anterior wall Apex 2/3 of the septum |
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The left circumflex coronary artery supplies which heart segments?
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LV lateral
LV posterior LA |
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The right coronary artery supplies which heart segments?
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RV
RA LV inferior wall Posteroinferior 1/3 of septum |
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LAX planes may be viewed from which windows?
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parasternal
apical *suprasternal but is limited |
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SAX planes may be viewed from which windows?
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parasternal
subcostal *suprasternal but is limited |
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4 chamber planes may be viewed from which windows?
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apical
subcostal |
