Cardiac Drugs

Front 1

When the heart is unable to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs

Back 1

Heart Failure

Front 2

The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle each minute

Back 2

Cardiac Output

Front 3

The amount of blood that fills the heart just before systole

Back 3

Preload

Front 4

The pressure in the aorta that must be overcome in order for the heart to eject blood

Back 4

Afterload

Front 5

Cardiac glycoside that increases the force of myocardial contraction, decreases heart rate that is used for heart failure and dysrhythmias

Back 5

Digoxin (Lanoxin) Classification and action

Front 6

SE: anorexia, headache, nausea/vomitting
AE: bradycardia
CNS: visual disturbance-yellow vision

Back 6

Digoxin (Lanoxin) side effects and adverse reactions:

Front 7

Teaching for Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Back 7

Given PO, IV give over 5 mins, same time daily. Loading doses given, Check pulse before every dose
Therapeutic Effects: improvement in edema, shortness of breath and anxiety

Front 8

Normal Potassium levels:

Back 8

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Front 9

Normal Digoxin levels:

Back 9

0.5-2.0 ng/mL

Front 10

Chest pain that originates in the heart, meaning not enough blood, and a sign of heart attack

Back 10

Angina

Front 11

Infarction

Back 11

Tissue death blood supply decreases

Front 12

dobutamine (Dobutrex) Classification and action

Back 12

sympathomimetic that acts as a cardiac stimulant, direct acting inotrope

Front 13

Side effects and Adverse Effects of dobutamine (Dobutrex)

Back 13

SE: low blood pressure
AE: increase heart rate too much, chest pain

Front 14

Patient teaching for dobutamine (Dobutrex)

Back 14

Monitor patients, take constant vital signs

Front 15

Digoxin immune fab (Digibind) classification and action:

Back 15

antidote for digitalis, acts as an antiarrhythmic, used to treat digitalis toxicity
Therapeutic effects: improvement in edema, shortness of breath anxiety

Front 16

Digoxin immune fab (Digibind) side effects

Back 16

allergic reactions

Front 17

Digoxin immune fab (Digibind) Patient teaching:

Back 17

Check pulse rate and heart rhythm before each dose.. hold if <60 bpm (adult) <70 bpm (child) <90 bpm (infant) Administer IV over 5 mins same time each day

Front 18

milrinone (Primacor) Classification and action:

Back 18

Cardiac inotrope, vasodialator.
Relaxes vascular muscle causing vasodialation, increases cardiac output, decreases pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, vascular resistance

Front 19

milrinone (Primacor) Side effects and Adverse reactions

Back 19

SE: headache, hypotension
AE: supraventricular/ventricular arrhythmias, nonsustained/ sustained tachycardias

Front 20

Patient teaching for milrinone (Primacor)

Back 20

Monitor vitals, cardiac output, EKG, serum potassium, renal function

Front 21

In heart failure, when the _____ side fails blood backs up into the lungs

Back 21

Left

Front 22

In heart failure, when the ___ side fails blood backs up into the circulatory system causing edema and abdominal edema

Back 22

Right

Front 23

An increase in respiration:

Back 23

tachypnea

Front 24

An increase in heart rate:

Back 24

Tachycardia

Front 25

A decrease in heart rate:

Back 25

Brachycardia

Front 26

Shortness of breath:

Back 26

Dyspnea

Front 27

Causes of Heart failure:

Back 27

Aging, Coronary Artery Disease, chronic hypertension, mitral stenosis, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellulitus

Front 28

Nitroglycerine is a _____ that dilates the veins and decreases venous return (preload). It can also prevent spasm of the coronary artery and is used to prevent angina

Back 28

Antianginal

Front 29

Side effects/ Adverse effects of Nitroglycerine:

Back 29

SE: headache, lowers BP, dizziness, sublingual tabs should burn (means it is fresh)
AE: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, doses increased with tolerance

Front 30

Nitroglycerine Patient teaching:

Back 30

Do not use with patients that have hypotension, monitor vital signs, lie down when taking for the first time, don't use patches with dfibrilaiton, do not use with alcohol, sit take sublingual, wait 3 mins, if pain is still there take again-can repeat 2X, if pain is still there call 911- 3 doses max

Front 31

Nitroglycerine (Nitro-Bid)

Back 31

topical ointment, slow onset- long duration

Front 32

Nitroglycerine (Nitrolingual)

Back 32

translingual spray, rapid onset, long duration

Front 33

Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat)

Back 33

sublingual tablet, rapid onset, slow duration

Front 34

Nitroglycerine (Ditro-dur)

Back 34

transdermal patch- slow onset long duration

Front 35

Nitroglycerine (Nitro-bid) IV

Back 35

rapid onset

Front 36

Nitroglycerine interacts with ____.

Back 36

Viagra (sildenafil)

Front 37

Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) is an ____ that _______.

Back 37

antianginal, acts as a vasodilator that relaxes smooth muscles of arteries and veins, and decreases preload and afterload

Front 38

Side effects of Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) are:

Back 38

Headache, orthostatic hypotension

Front 39

Patient teaching for Isordil:

Back 39

Asses chest pain, and BP

Front 40

Ranolazine (Ranexa) classification and action:

Back 40

Antiaschemic, antianginal that inhibits sodium currents

Front 41

Side effects of Ranexa are:

Back 41

SE: dizziness, headache
AE: only occur in OD

Front 42

dysrhythmias/arrhythmias are:

Back 42

abnormalities in heart rate or rhythm.. meds that affect cardiac rhythm act by altering cardiac electrophysiologic function in order to treat or prevent dysrhythmia

Front 43

Common risk factors for hypertension (High BP)

Back 43

Age, race, family history, smoking, weight (overweight/obesity), physically inactive

Front 44

captopril (Capoten) classification and action:

Back 44

ACE inhibitor (Angiotensin-converting enzyme) "prils" that block production of angiotensin II, is a hypertension vasodilator

Front 45

SE of captopril (Capoten)

Back 45

first dose can cause orthostatic hypotension, an irritating cough, rash, and itching

Front 46

Patient teaching for captopril (Capoten)

Back 46

Change positions slowly, African Americans do not respond to this, pair with a diuretic

Front 47

Hypokalemia:

Back 47

Potassium levels <3.5 mEq/L

Front 48

Hyperkalemia:

Back 48

potassium levels are >5 mEq/L

Front 49

Mannitol (osmitrol) is a _____ that _______.

Back 49

osmotic diuretic, promotes diuresis, and reduces cranial pressure

Front 50

Patient teaching for Mannitol (osmitrol):

Back 50

Monitor vital signs, and signs of improvement

Front 51

spironolactone (Aldactone) classification and action:

Back 51

Potassium sparing diuretic that acts on distal tubules to promote sodium and water excretion and spare K+, used for heart failure

Front 52

Side Effects and Adverse effects of spironolactone (Aldactone)

Back 52

SE: dehydration, high potassium levels
AE: severe hypercholemia

Front 53

Patient teaching for Aldactone:

Back 53

avoid foods high in potassium, (salt substitutes)

Front 54

Furosemide (Lasix) is a _____ that _____ and has a BBW for ____

Back 54

loop diuretic, washes out potassium, inhibits sodium and water reabsorption, water loss and electrolyte loss

Front 55

Side effects of Lasix:

Back 55

frequent urination

Front 56

Patient teaching for furosemide (Lasix)

Back 56

Acts quickly, monitor vitals, BP, weight daily, take earlier in the day, almost always given a potassium supplement

Front 57

hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) class and action:

Back 57

thiazide diuretic, causes diuresis when renal function is adequate, it prevents reabsorption of water and makes there be more urine output during hypertension and heart failure

Front 58

Adverse and side effects of hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

Back 58

SE: increased urinary frequency, decreased potassium, hypotension
AE: dehydration

Front 59

Patient teaching for hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

Back 59

Acts slowly, eat foods high in potassium, (fruits/veg) check BP periodicly

Front 60

Diuretics:

Back 60

rid the body of excess fluid, increase real excretion of water, sodium, and other electrolytes

Front 61

Atropine Class and Action

Back 61

acetylchoine antagonist, used to treat symptomatic bradycardia, supresses parasympathetic NS (day to day activities)

Front 62

Patient teaching for atropine

Back 62

IV drug given pre-op to decrease salivation

Front 63

Adenosine (Adenocard) is ______ that____.

Back 63

unclassified, used to treat supraventricular tachycardias, stops the heart for a few seconds, pick back up in normal rhythem (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome)

Front 64

Patient teaching for Adenosine (Adenocard)

Back 64

push quickly IV

Front 65

procainamide (Pronestyl) class and action:

Back 65

antidysrhythmic, Class 1A (Sodium channel blocker) used to prevent or treat dysrhythmia

Front 66

Procainamide (Pronestyl) Side effects, Adverse effects and teaching:

Back 66

SE: hypotension, AE: another dysrhthmia, Teaching: Given IV

Front 67

Antidysrhthmic Class I

Back 67

Sodium Channel blocker

Front 68

Antidysrhythmic Class II

Back 68

Beta adrenergic Blocker

Front 69

Antidysrhthmic Class III

Back 69

Potassium channel blocker

Front 70

Antidysrhythmic Class IV

Back 70

Calcium channel blocker

Front 71

Lidocaine (Xylocaine) Class/ action

Back 71

Antidysrhytmic Class 1B, used to treat premature ventricular contractions

Front 72

Side effects and Teaching for Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

Back 72

SE: rare, OD: cardiovascular arrest drowsiness
Teaching: IV drug given following heart attacks, surgery.. always on a monitor

Front 73

flecaimide (Tambocor) is a _____ that is used for______.

Back 73

Class 1C Antidysrhythmic, treatment of a fast heart rate when other drugs do not work

Front 74

Patient teaching and SE for flecaimide (Tambocor)

Back 74

Monitor EKG
SE: headache, dizziness, heart failure, decreases in rate of conduction in ventricles

Front 75

propranolol (inderal) is a ____.

Back 75

Beta adrenergic blocker (antidysrhythmic)

Front 76

propranolol (inderal) is used to___.

Back 76

supress dysrhthmia in atria, slows heart rate, used to treat: angina, test anxiety and reduce symptoms of Parkinson's disease

Front 77

propranolol (inderal) Side effects, Adverse Effects

Back 77

SE: decreases sexual function, drowsiness
AE: hypotension, bradycardia, heart failure, fatigue
OD: dangerous, drops BP, HR

Front 78

Patient teaching for propranolol (inderal)

Back 78

Monitor EKG, renal and hepatic function, hold if heart rate is below 60, orthostatic hypotension may occur, stand slowly

Front 79

amiodarone (Cordarone) is a _____.

Back 79

Class III potassium channel blocker (antidysrhythmic

Front 80

Uses for amiodrarone (Cordarone)

Back 80

slows down the conduction system, used to treat ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation

Front 81

Adverse effects of amiodarone (Cordarone)

Back 81

Pulmonary toxicity, bradycardia: if sympomic treatment is atropine, visual disturbances

Front 82

Patient teaching for amiodarone (Cordarone)

Back 82

Monitor EKG, shortness of breath, hold if HR is below 60, bluish discoloration of skin if taken over 6 mo. starts in fingers

Front 83

Verapamil (Calan) is a _______.

Back 83

Class IV calcium channel blocker

Front 84

Verapamil (Calan) is used for___.

Back 84

treatment of fast heart rate, used for angina and hypertension

Front 85

Side effects and teaching for Verapamil (Calan)

Back 85

SE: swelling, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension
Teaching: do not stop suddenly, can cause heart failure, SR forms available