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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the benign tumors of the heart that involve the endocardium or heart valve? (2) |
Myxoma and Papillary fibroelastoma |
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What are the benign tumors of the heart that involve myocardium? (3) |
- Rhabdomyoma - Fibroma - Hemangioma |
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What are malignant tumors that involve the pericardium? (2) |
- Metastasis - Primary pericardial mesothelioma |
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What are malignant tumors that affect the myocardium? (2) |
- Primary angiosarcoma - Metastasis |
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From where does metastasis typically invade the pericardium? (2)
myocardium? (3) |
Pericardium - lung, breast
Myocardium - kidney, lymphoma, melanoma |
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What is the most common heart tumor? |
Myxoma |
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What is the origin of a myxoma?
What protein evinces it? |
endocardial mesenchyme
Calretinin |
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What symptom can suggest a myxoma polyp in the left atrium? |
syncope |
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What risk does myxoma have? |
Embolism |
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What does the wrecking ball effect on mitral valve mean? |
By positioning the patient in certain ways, a mitral valve murmur may become audible as a result of moving the myxoma |
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What genetic identifier do a subgroup of myxoma patients have?
What percentage? |
10% have Carney Complex |
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What is the Carney complex? |
Combination of signs such as skin myxomas and Cushing's syndrome |
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On what chromosome is the gene that leads to Carney complex?
What inheritance does the mutation have? |
17
AD |
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What is a papillary fibroelastoma?
What is the most common sign? |
Tumor of the heart valve
Multiple left-sided strokes |
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What is a possible symptom of cardiac fibroma? |
Ventricular dysrhythmia (due to pushing IV septum) |
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What is the most frequent cardiac tumor in children?
With what other condition is it associated? |
Rhabdomyoma
Tuberous sclerosis |
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When are rhabdomyomas removed? |
When they cause obstructions (otherwise, they are allowed to regress) |
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What is tuberous sclerosis? |
Condition marked with multiple CNS tumors, retinal hemartoma, facial angiofibromas, etc |
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What is the medication used for treating tuberous sclerosis?
What enzyme does this drug inhibit? |
Everolimus
mTOR |
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What problems are associated with large extracardiac hemangiomas? (4) |
Cosmetic problems, infection, secondary hemophilia |
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What drug was found to be effective for hemangiomas? |
Propranolol |
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Describe Osler Weber Rendu. |
Telangiectasias involve skin, oral mucosa, respiratory, GI, and urinary tracts |
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Describe Klippel Trenauray syndrome and Parkes Weber syndrome? (2) |
- Limb osseous hypertrophy - Familial vascular malformations |
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Describe Von Hippel Lindau. |
- Cerebellar and retinal hemangioblastoma - Also renal cell carcinoma or pheochromocytoma |
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Describe an angiosarcoma. |
- Rare blood vessel malignancy - Seen in aged population - Head and neck tumor as skin cancer - Seen in sun exposed areas - Very aggressive |
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Describe Lymphangiosarcoma. |
Lymphatic malignancy associated with lymphedema |
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Describe Kaposi sarcoma. |
- Endothelial cancer on skin or oral, GI, and resp mucosa - Found in HIV+ patients but seropositive for HHV-8 - May be seen in Ashkanazi Jews or immunosuppressed |
