Cardiac Alterations

Front 1

Aortic Regurgitation

Back 1

Diastolic blood flow from the aorta into the left ventricle due to a weakened aortic valve.

Front 2

Arteriosclerosis

Back 2

Accumulation of macrophage debris and lipid buildup within the arteries causing thickening and loss of elasticity.

Front 3

Atherosclerosis

Back 3

A condition within the arteries brought on by an inflammatory WBC response to lipid buildup resulting in a plaque deposit.

Front 4

Coronary Perfusion

Back 4

The difference in pressure between aortic diastole and right atrial diastole.

Front 5

Myocardial Ischemia

Back 5

Coronary arteries become occluded resulting in inability to meet the metabolic demands of the heart due to insufficient oxygen supply.

Front 6

3 types of angina

Back 6

1. Stable
2. Unstable
3. Prinzmetal (Variant)

Front 7

Variant Angina

Back 7

An unstable form of angina characterized by spasms in the arteries occurring at rest and often without a predictable pattern.

Front 8

The three I's of ACS

Back 8

1. Ischemia
2. Injury
3. Infarct

Front 9

non Q-wave MI

Back 9

Subendocardial MI associated with the innermost wall of the ventricle.

Front 10

Q-wave MI

Back 10

Q-waves recorded on an ECG hours after the injury that show the damage to the full thickness of the myocardium.

Front 11

Rheumatic Fever

Back 11

An acute, immune-mediated, inflammatory disease caused by inadequate antibiotic treatment of group A beta hemolytic strep.

Front 12

Aschoff bodies

Back 12

Myocardial nodules that are a distinguishing feature of rheumatic heart disease.

Front 13

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Back 13

A slow progression of cardiac failure with a low fraction of ejection due to dilation of the ventricular chambers.

Front 14

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Back 14

Ventricle stiffness of the heart causing impaired diastolic filling.

Front 15

3 types of cardiomyopathy

Back 15

1. dilated
2. hypertrophic
3. restrictive

Front 16

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Back 16

A condition in which the ventricular muscles of the heart become thickened causing the heart to work harder.

Front 17

Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis

Back 17

Obstruction of left ventricle blood flow due to ventricular septum hypertrophy.

Front 18

Cardiac Tamponade

Back 18

Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac causing increased external intracardial pressure resulting in compensatory increase in heart rate and reduced stroke volume.

Front 19

Pericardial Effusion

Back 19

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity of the heart.

Front 20

Acute Coronary Syndrome

Back 20

A sudden reduction in blood flow to the heart causing a drop in cardiac output and an increase in myocardial workload.

Front 21

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Back 21

"Bad cholesterol" associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis

Front 22

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Back 22

"Good cholesterol" transported from peripheral tissue back to the liver

Front 23

Atheromatous Plaque

Back 23

Arterial fatty deposit indicative of atherosclerosis

Front 24

Foam Cell

Back 24

Cells found in the early stages of atherosclerosis derived from lipid engulfed macrophages and smooth muscle cells

Front 25

Transmural Infarction

Back 25

Extends through the entire thickness of the heart.

Front 26

Subendocardial Infarction

Back 26

Associated with a small area in the subendocardial wall of the left ventricle, the ventricular septum or the papillary muscles

Front 27

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Back 27

Displacement of the mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during ventricular systole

Front 28

Aortic Stenosis

Back 28

Results in obstruction of aortic outflow from the left ventricle into the aorta during systole

Front 29

Vegetation

Back 29

Clumps of fibrin, leukocytes, platelets, and microbes which cause valvular incompetance and decrease in pumping of the heart

Front 30

Mitral Stenosis-
Pathophysiology

Back 30

Narrowing of the mitral valve which causes obstruction of blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle during diastole as fibrous tissue replaces normal valve tissue and causes the valve to stiffen and fuse

Front 31

What is Stenosis?

Back 31

-Blood accumulation in chamber behind stemosed valve and increased chamber pressure from resistance of stenosed valve
- Pulmonary venous pressure and pulmonary congestion caused by stenosis of valve on left side of heart leading to right sided heart failure
-Systemic venous congestion caused by stenosis of valve on the right side of the heart