Cardiac

Front 1

Sinoatrial node's intrinsic rate is:

Back 1

60-100 beats/minute

Front 2

deoxygenated blood from the vena cava enters this structure:

Back 2

right atrium

Front 3

AV node's intrinsic rate is:

Back 3

40-60 beats/minute

Front 4

the _______ node, slows down transmission of the electrical wave across its cells, allowing the atria to finish contracting prior to the ventricles contracting.

Back 4

AV node

Front 5

AV Junction is made of these 2 structures:

Back 5

The Bundle of His and the AV node

Front 6

Bundle of His's intrinsic rate is:

Back 6

40-60 beats/minute

Front 7

Starling's Law states:

Back 7

The more the muscle wall is stretched, the more forceful the contraction. Therefore, more blood is ejected

Front 8

Contraction of the atria prior to the contraction of the ventricle accounting for more volume (1/3 more) to the ventricle and more muscle stretch is known as the atrial _ _ _ _.

Back 8

kick

Front 9

supraventricular rhythms can originate from these 3 structures

Back 9

Bundle of His, AV node, atria and SA node

Front 10

supraventricular means:

Back 10

above the ventricles

Front 11

The Bundle Branches divide one electrical wave into how many equally effective waves?

Back 11

4

Front 12

Pacemaker cells in the ventricles initiate electrical impulses at a rate of:

Back 12

20-40 each minute

Front 13

largest chamber of the heart

Back 13

left ventricle

Front 14

The right atrium receives oxygen-depleted blood from the inferior and superior __________

Back 14

vena cava

Front 15

70% of all myocardial infarctions occur within this cardiac chamber

Back 15

left ventricle

Front 16

coronary sinus delivers blood INTO which cardiac chamber?

Back 16

right atrium

Front 17

Does the superior vena cava have a valve?

Back 17

No

Front 18

a one-way valve covering the coronary sinus is called the

Back 18

Thebesian valve

Front 19

The inferior vena cava has a partial valve called the

Back 19

Eustachian valve

Front 20

When the right atrium contracts against a closed tricuspid valve, the patent inferior vena cava will receive retrograde pulsations of blood (observed as pulsations to the ____?_____ veins - called cannon 'a' waves. This can be seen in junctional rhythms, ventricular tachycardia and 3rd degree AV block.

Back 20

jugular

Front 21

An increased blood supply results in stimulation of the Vagus nerve which results in (A:an increasing B:a slowing) of the heart rate, and thus, cardiac output.

Back 21

B: a slowing

Front 22

The right atrium also effects heart rate through what kind of receptors present on its inside surface ?

Back 22

barroreceptors

Front 23

Barroreceptors in the right atrium respond to falling blood supply (preload) by (a:increasing or b:decreasing) the heart rate, not stimulating the Vagus nerve.

Back 23

a: increasing

Front 24

A sinus arrhythmia can result in an increased blood supply. In these cases, what nerve is often stimulated to decrease cardiac output?

Back 24

Vagus nerve

Front 25

What rhythm originates from the sinus node but is slightly irregular, speeding up during inspiration and slowing down during expiration?

Back 25

sinus arrhythmia

Front 26

Sinus arrhythmia is noted by an increase in heart rate that occurs during inspiration and is more accentuated in which pt's?
a:pediatric
b:teens
c:middle age adults
d:geriatric

Back 26

a:pediatric

Front 27

During sinus arrythmia, the pulse speeds up during inspiration b/c an increased thoracic cage = decreased venous return. True/False?

Back 27

True

Front 28

True/False? During sinus arrythmia, the pulse slows down during expiration due to a decreased size of thoracic cage and more venous compression.

Back 28

True

Front 29

more venous compression = a:more b:less venous return

Back 29

a: More

Front 30

The right ventricle ejects blood through the _______ valve into the pulmonary arteries

Back 30

pulmonic

Front 31

Which ventricle pumps against the most pressure? left or right?

Back 31

answer: LEFT

explination: While an aortic blood pressure might be 120/80, a pulmonary artery pressure is commonly 26/10. In other words, while the left ventricle has to pump against a diastolic pressure (pressure before contraction) of '80', the right ventricle pumps against only 1/8th of the left, at only '10' mm of Hg.

Front 32

An inferior myocardial infarction (MI) usually involves which ventricle?
Left or Right

Back 32

Right

Front 33

Left atrium provides the atrial kick for the left or right side of the heart?

Back 33

Left

Front 34

As the heart rate approaches 150+/minute, time is limited for the heart to fill between each beat (filling time) resulting in (A:more B:less) volume in the left ventricle, stretch,force of contraction, and blood ejected

Back 34

B:Less

Front 35

(A:Preload B:Afterload) is the supply of blood to the heart that effects how much blood makes it to the ventricle(a.k.a. left ventricular end diastolic pressure).

Back 35

A:Preload

Front 36

As preload (supply) increases, blood ejected (stroke volume) A:increases B:decreased

Back 36

A:increases

Front 37

the pressure that the left ventricle must overcome to eject blood into the aorta

Back 37

afterload

Front 38

the pressure within the aorta prior to ventricular contraction and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)determines (A:preload B: afterload)

Back 38

B:afterload

Front 39

ventricular contraction is measured by systolic or diastolic BP ?

Back 39

diastolic

Front 40

The blood ejected/pumped by the left ventricle into the body is known as ______ volume.

Back 40

stroke volume

Front 41

more after load = ( A:more B:less) stroke volume?

Back 41

answer B: less

explination: The more afterload, the more difficult for the left ventricle to pump to the body and the blood ejected (known as stroke volume) is reduced. As afterload is decreased, stroke volume increases.

Front 42

blood is supplied to the left apex of the heart via which artery?

Back 42

lad

Front 43

inner most layer of the heart

Back 43

endocardium

Front 44

strongest vavle in the heart A:aortic
B:pulmonic
C:tricuspid
D:bicuspid

Back 44

A:aortic

Front 45

the heart in encased in 2 protective layers. the outter most layer is the:

Back 45

pericardium

Front 46

a:inotrope or b:chronotroph alters the strength of muscular contractions(contractility).

Back 46

inotrope

Front 47

Atropine, dopamine and Epi are all examples of positive or negatice chronotropes?

Back 47

positive

Front 48

Positive chronotropes increase or decrease heart rate?

Back 48

increse

Front 49

all of the following are negative chronotropes except which one?
Beta-blockers
Acetylcholine
Digoxin
Diltiazem
Isuprel
Verapamil

Back 49

Isuprel

Front 50

chronotophs affect cardiac

Back 50

rate

Front 51

inotrophs affect cardiac

Back 51

contractility/contractions

Front 52

Positive inotropes usually increase or decrese the level calcium in the cytoplasm?

Back 52

increse

Front 53

All of the following are positive or negative inotropic agents?
Calcium
Cardiac glycosides
Digoxin
Catecholamines
Dopamine
Epinephrine

Back 53

Positive

Front 54

All of the following are positive or negative inotropic agents?
Beta blockers
Diltiazem
Verapamil

Back 54

negative

Front 55

dromotropic agents affect

Back 55

answer: conductivity

explination: dromotropic agent is one which affects conduction velocity of the AV node, and subsequently the rate of electrical impulses in the heart