Cardiac

Front 1

What are the fetal circulation structures?

Back 1

Umbilical vein, umbilical arteries, foramen ovale, ductus ateriosus, ductus venosus

Front 2

Foramen ovale

Back 2

Temporary flap between 2 atria

Front 3

Ductus ateriosus

Back 3

Between the aorta and pulmonary artery (blood pumps from pulmonary artery to aorta)

Front 4

Ductus venosus

Back 4

Carries blood to the inferior vena cava

Front 5

Pediatric Indicators of Cardiac Dysfunction

Back 5

Poor feeding, tachypnea/tachycardia, FTV, developmental delays, poor prenatal hx and family hx of cardiac disease

Front 6

Murmurs

Back 6

Heart sounds that reflect blood flow, may occur in systole or diastole.

Front 7

Innocent murmurs

Back 7

Abnormal heart sounds occuring during fever, anemia or rapid growth

Front 8

Thrill

Back 8

soft vibration over the heart reflecting transmitted sound of a heart murmur

Front 9

Tests of cardiac function

Back 9

Chest x-ray, ECG, echocardiography, cardiac cath

Front 10

Causes of CHD

Back 10

maternal environment, illness, drug use, FAS, rubella in first 7 weeks of pregnancy, CMV, toxoplasmosis, diabetes, chromosomal/genetic (10-12%), multifactorial (85%)

Front 11

Incidence of CHD

Back 11

5-8/1000 live births

Front 12

Most common anomaly of CHD

Back 12

VSD

Front 13

Newer classifications of CHD

Back 13

hemodynamic characteristics, obstruction of blood flow out of the heart, mixed blood flow, increased/decreased pulmonary blood flow

Front 14

Acyanotic CHD with increased blood flow

Back 14

ASD, VSD, PDA, Atrioventricular canal

Front 15

Acyanotic CHD with obstruction to blood flow from ventricles

Back 15

COA, Aortic Stenosis, Pulmonic Stenosis

Front 16

Cyanotic CHD with decreased pulmonary blood flow

Back 16

TOF, Tricuspid Atresia

Front 17

Cyanotic CHFD with mixed blood flow

Back 17

Transportation of Great Arteries, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return, Truncus Ateriosus

Front 18

Describe increased pulmonary blood flow defects

Back 18

Abnormal connection b/t two sides of the heart, either septum or great vessels, increased blood volume on right side, increased pulmonary blood flow, decreased systemic blood flow

Front 19

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Back 19

Connection b/t two atria - left side under high pressure, moves blood to right side

Front 20

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Back 20

Because you are getting more blood flow to the lungs, you will see overflow and lung problems this cardiac defect

Front 21

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Back 21

Murmur, emboli formation, increased oxygenated blood flow to right side of the heart, repaired with patch, may be asymptomatic

Front 22

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Back 22

bloood flow (oxygenated) from left side of the heart moving to the right side, right ventricular hypertrophy, increased pulmonary resistance, murmur present

Front 23

auto-define "Ventricular Septal Defec..."

Back 23

Risk of bacterial endocarditis and pulmonary vascular obstructive disease in this cardiac defect

Front 24

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Back 24

Blood from aora goes back into the pulmonary artery and increases blood flow to the lungs instead of all pumping to the rest of the body - increased workload on left side of the heart, increased pulmonary vascular congestion, increased right ventricular pressure/hypertrophy

Front 25

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Back 25

Machinery-likfe murmur, bounding pulses, risk for bacterial endocarditis and pulmonary vascular obstructive disease

Front 26

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Back 26

Treatment includes possible litigation or administration of indomethacin

Front 27

Coarctation of the Aorta (COA)

Back 27

Narrowing of the aorta causing high BP, bounding pulses in arms, weak femoral pulses, cool, lower extremeties. Blood backs up and the whole system backs up

Front 28

Coarctation of the Aorta (COA)

Back 28

Older children complain of dizziness, headache, hx of nose bleeds with this cardiac defect

Front 29

Coarctation of the Aorta (COA)

Back 29

Higher risk of stroke, stroke with this cardiac defect. Tx is a balloon angioplasty.

Front 30

Aortic Stenosis

Back 30

Valve from LV to aorta is narrowed, may see LV hypertrophy, decreased CO, faint pulses, tachycardia, murmur, pulmonary vascular congestion, hypotension, exercise intolerance

Front 31

Aortic Stenosis

Back 31

hypertrophy of LV wall, increased end-diastolic pressure, left atrial pressure increases.

Front 32

Aortic Stenosis

Back 32

Patients with this cardiac defect are at risk for bacterial endocarditis, coronary insufficiency, and ventricular dysfunction

Front 33

Pulmonic Stenosis

Back 33

Pulmonary valve is narrowed causing right ventricular hypertrophy and decreased blood flow to the lungs

Front 34

Pulmonic Stenosis

Back 34

Cardiomegaly on chest xray is seen in this cardiac defect. Tx is balloon angioplasty.

Front 35

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

Back 35

Pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta, VSD, right ventricular hypertrophy

Front 36

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

Back 36

Cyanosis, murmur sounds like a washing machine, higher pressure on right side, blue spells

Front 37

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

Back 37

blood is shunted from left to right, or right to left, depending on the difference between pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance.

Front 38

Left to Right

Back 38

In TOF, if systemic vascular resistance is higher than pulmonary vascular resistance, then blood will be shu

Front 39

Right to Left

Back 39

In TOF, if pulmonary vascular resistance is higher than systemic vascular resistance, then blood will be shunted from...

Front 40

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

Back 40

With this cardiac defect, patients are at risk for emboli, seizures, loss of conciousness or sudden death following an anoxic spell

Front 41

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

Back 41

Treatment of this cardiac defect involves cardiac shunts (increase pumonary blood flow and O2 sat), VSD repair

Front 42

Tricuspid Atresia

Back 42

Tricuspid valve is completely closed, no opening between RA and RV

Front 43

Tricuspid Atresia

Back 43

In order for the pt to stay alive, there needs to be either a patent foramen ovale or ASD in order for blood to go from the right atrium to the left atrium

Front 44

Tricuspid Atresia

Back 44

The ductus arteriosis and foramen ovale need to stay patent, give prostaglandin E

Front 45

Tricuspid Atresia

Back 45

In this cardiac defect, there is a complete mixing of oxy and deoxy blood in the left side of the heart resulting in systemic desaturation, varying amounts of pulmonary obstruction causing decreased pulmonary blood flow

Front 46

Transportation of Great Vessels

Back 46

Pulmonary artery and aorta are switched - Deoxygenated blood going to the body and oxygenated blood goes to the lungs - have to have PDA and FO for circulation

Front 47

Hypoplastic heart Syndrome

Back 47

Underdeveloped left ventricle, aortic atresia, poor prognosis.