Carbs And Stuff

Front 1

Carbohydrates Always contain ___ and ___ atoms

Back 1

carbon (C) and hydrogen (H)

Front 2

Monosaccharides:

Back 2

simple sugars: glucose (most important), ribose, fructose, galactose

Front 3

Disaccharides: two monosaccharides join

Back 3

•(lactose=glucose+galactose)
•(sucrose=glucose+fructose)
•(maltose=glucose+glucose)

Front 4

Polysaccharides- are ____ ( ), ____ ( )and ______ ( )

Back 4

starch (plants), cellulose (plant structure), glycogen (animals)

Front 5

Cellulose:
glycogen:
Starch:

Back 5

Not digestible by humans
digestible
digestible

Front 6

Lipids:

Back 6

Contain more energy per gram than other biological molecules and some function well as energy storage mollecules in organisms.

Front 7

Lipids do not

Back 7

disolve in water

Front 8

Lipids contain little _____ and consist mostly of _______ and ______ atoms

Back 8

oxygen
carbon
hydrogen

Front 9

Most lipids are found in _____ and _____
• Oils are usually of plant origin

Back 9

fats and oils

Front 10

Fats are usually of _______ origin

Back 10

animal

Front 11

oils are usally of _____ origin

Back 11

plant

Front 12

Fats

Back 12

Used for long term energy storage
Insulates against heat loss
Forms protective cushion around major organs

Front 13

Fat is sometimes referred to as a __________.

Back 13

trigliceride

Front 14

trigliceride is

Back 14

3 fatty acids+1 glycerol=trigliceride+water

Front 15

Steroids are considered lipids because they disolve in lipids.
Steroids are made of ___ fused carbon rings.

Back 15

4 fused carbon rings

Testosterone, estrogen, cortisone, cholesterol

Front 16

Fatty acids: is a _____ and ______ chain that ends with the acidic group _____.

Back 16

carbon hydrogen
COOH

Front 17

Saturated fatty acids:

Back 17

have only single covalent bonds because the carbon chain is saturated with all the hydrogens it can hold. This is mostly your lard and buttery

Front 18

Unsaturated fatty acids:

Back 18

have double bonds between carbon atoms wherever fewer than two hydrogens are bonded to a carbon atom. Mostly vegetable oils or transfats found in processed foods.

Front 19

dipeptide=

Back 19

two amino acids

Front 20

polypeptide=

Back 20

many amino acids

Front 21

Proteins: perform many functions

Back 21

Are the reason we see and taste things differently is because of different DNA

Front 22

Protein structures determine the ____ of the molecule and the shape of the molecule determines the ______ of the molecule.

Back 22

shape, structure

Front 23

When the protein structure, breaks down through heat, agitation or unstable pH it is said to be ________

Back 23

denatured

Front 24

Amino group and acid group join in a _______ bond

Back 24

peptide

Front 25

Two amino acids=

Back 25

dipeptide

Front 26

Many amino acids in a long chain=

Back 26

polypeptide

Front 27

Primary structure:


Back 27

peptide chain

Front 28

Secondary structure:

Back 28

helical winding

Front 29

Teriary structure

Back 29

-folding-enzymes

Front 30

Quaternary structure-

Back 30

units put together

Front 31

Two types of nucleic acids

Back 31

DNA and RNA

Front 32

DNA

Back 32

•Stores genetic information in the cell and in the organism.
•Replicates and transmits this information when a cell reproduces and when an organism reproduces.
•Chromosones and genetic information
•Each cell in a human has 23 chromosones from mom and 23 chromosones from dad
•DNA double strand

Front 33

RNA

Back 33

•Is an interemediary that conveys DNA’s instructions regarding the amino acid sequence in a protein.
•Tells cell to make proteins that are uniquely you.
•Protein synthesis
•RNA single strand

Front 34

Nucleotides: are building blocks for ___ and___

Back 34

DNA and RNA

Front 35

5 basic nucleotides

Back 35

TUCAG

Front 36

DNA

Back 36

Chromosones

Front 37

RNA

Back 37

protein synthesis

Front 38

ATP

Back 38

energy molecule

Front 39

ATP

Back 39

Nucleotide not a nucleic acid but an energy molecule
• Used for energy

Front 40

Cells are the fundamental unit of all ______ things

Back 40

living

Front 41

All cells come from _____ cells

Back 41

pre-existing

Front 42

Cells are small because they need maximum surface area and so they can have _______ _______ _________

Back 42

selfsustaining chemical reactions

Front 43

Plasma membrane

Back 43

Marks the boundary between the inside and outside of the cell

Front 44

Osmosis:

Back 44

movement of water across the cell membrane from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration

Front 45

Isotonic-

Back 45

Equal concentrations (no movement)

Front 46

• Hypotonic

Back 46

water enters cell from water concentration

Front 47

• Hypertonic-

Back 47

water leaves cell to lower water concentration

Front 48

 Diffusion:

Back 48

movement of solute from high concentration to low concentration (movement of everything else) Passive and require no energy outside the cells own energy.

Front 49

Endocytosis

Back 49

membrane around material, bring into cell

Front 50

Exocytosis

Back 50

pinches off membrane. Removes out of cell.